What is the difference between green, red and black prisons

For many citizens, the concepts of “correctional colony”, “pre-trial detention center” and “prison” are one and the same. And in a sense, this is really so, because all of these are places of deprivation of liberty in which convicts serve their sentences. However, these names are far from synonymous. Each of them characterizes a separate correctional institution, which has its own characteristics.

To understand how a prison differs from a colony and a pre-trial detention center, we should take a closer look at the features of correctional institutions. We'll talk about this below.

What is a correctional facility

A correctional colony is a place where people sentenced to imprisonment are kept, who have greater freedom of movement and less limited civil rights.

What modes are there?

There are four types of regimes in correctional colonies:

• general;
• strict;
• special.

General regime colonies are correctional institutions where convicts sentenced to imprisonment who entered this correctional institution, as well as convicts transferred from light and strict conditions of serving their sentences, serve their sentences.

People from light and strict conditions of imprisonment, as well as convicts from other general regime correctional institutions, go there. These are male convicts who have committed serious crimes and have not previously been prosecuted, as well as female prisoners imprisoned for committing serious and especially serious crimes, regardless of the fact and type of recidivism.

According to Article 121 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, the conditions for serving in colonies of this type are as follows. Prisoners can:

• spend up to nine thousand rubles a month on food and personal items;
• annually arrange six short dates and four long-term ones;
• receive six parcels or transfers, as well as six parcels throughout the year;
• leave the correctional facility twice a month on weekends or holidays to visit minor children, but within the territory of the colony;

High security colonies are places of stay for male convicts who have committed intentional crimes of special gravity, if they have not previously served a sentence of imprisonment, and for male persons who have committed a dangerous recidivism, if they have previously been imprisoned (Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ).

These institutions require more stringent conditions of detention:

• spending on food and personal needs is limited to 7,800 rubles each month;
• four parcels and four parcels per year;
• three short and three long dates;
• accommodation in hostels with a lighter version of punishment, and in closed premises (Article 123 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation).

Special regime colonies are intended for persons who have violated criminal law in a serious form or have committed a particularly dangerous recidivism. In many respects, the conditions here are similar to prison conditions.

Prisoners can:

• live both in dormitories and in specialized cells;
• have two short and one long dates during the year;
• receive two or three parcels annually and one or two parcels, depending on the severity of the crime committed and the prescribed conditions for serving the sentences;
• They are allowed to spend an amount of six thousand six hundred rubles on food (in accordance with the provisions of Article 125 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation).

There are also settlement colonies

Here citizens serve their sentences who have committed a crime for the first time through negligence, or who have intentionally violated the law, but within the limits of a minor or moderate crime. Living conditions here are more comfortable and loyal

Women and men live here together, not isolated from each other, in dormitories. They retain most freedoms:

• the right to wear civilian clothes;
• have a passport;
• move freely throughout the territory of the settlement and even leave it without leaving the adjacent municipal facility;
• arrange an unlimited number of dates;
• spend on your needs a limit of funds that is not regulated by law.

There are no guards assigned to them, but they are under the supervision of the colony leadership. They have the right to study by correspondence in higher and secondary vocational educational institutions. Convicts with no complaints in terms of behavior and discipline are allowed to live with their families on the territory of the colony. In case of disciplinary sanctions, they can be transferred to institutions of a more strict type (Article 129 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation).

Educational colonies are intended for minor citizens. They live there in normal, simplified and preferential conditions, depending on which the amount of money that can be spent per month on food is determined; number of dates and parcels per year.

Inmates of educational colonies have the right to live in dormitories or in isolated premises, to take a walk at any time without limiting its duration, but within the territory of the colony (Article 133 of the Criminal Executive Code).

What is a prison?

A prison is understood as a closed penitentiary (correctional) type institution , where persons who have committed especially dangerous and serious crimes are kept in harsh conditions. This is an important element of the criminal justice system, the main functionality of which is to enforce a sentence of imprisonment.

In Russian prisons, the rights of citizens are severely limited. But this does not relieve them from performing their labor duties and complying with specially developed internal prison regulations. Otherwise, the punishment may be increased and conditions of detention may worsen.

Who gets there and why?

According to Part 7 of Art. 74 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, serving a sentence in prison is provided for:

• persons who are particularly dangerous repeat offenders (previously, such convicted persons were given the death penalty as the death penalty, but it has now been abolished, and such punishment is unlawful within the framework of existing legislation);
• citizens sentenced to imprisonment for five or more years for especially serious crimes;
• malicious violators of the disciplinary regime of serving their sentences, who were transferred here from correctional colonies.

Conditions of serving

In accordance with Article 131 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, imprisonment presupposes a number of special conditions for serving a sentence of imprisonment.

1. Convicts live in shared cells that are locked from the outside (what do the cells look like?). In some cases, one of the prisoners may be placed in solitary confinement if there is an order from the prison authorities or a prosecutor's order. The cameras are under 24-hour security.
2. According to Article 80 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, separate accommodation is provided for prisoners serving sentences under general and strict regime conditions. Also isolated from the rest of the prison population are persons who have been transferred from other correctional institutions or are preparing to be sent to another institution, as well as prisoners performing household duties.
3. Daytime walks in the fresh air are allowed. For this purpose, the prison has a special area, which is under constant surveillance by the security service. If one of the prisoners violates the established rules during a walk, the prison management has the right to interrupt this event at its discretion.

Persons serving a prison sentence in a general regime have the right:

• spend on food products and basic necessities money earned while in prison or received to a personal account in the form of social payments in the amount of up to seven thousand rubles per month (according to Article 88 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation);
• for two short and two long visits annually;
• to receive two parcels and two parcels annually;
• to exercise in open air space for two hours, and this time period can be increased by another half hour, provided that the prisoner conscientiously observes the established procedure.

Those sentenced to strict imprisonment are entitled to the following rights:

• spend on food and personal items funds earned in prison or that are part of social benefits and other sources of income contained in the citizen’s personal account in the amount of six thousand rubles monthly;
• during the year, arrange two short-term and one long-term dates;
• receive one parcel and one parcel per year;
• walk in the fresh air every day for one and a half hours, with the permission of the prison warden - two hours.

Particularly malicious violators of discipline and the established procedure for staying in prison are placed in a punishment cell - an isolated cell of a small area, as a rule, with poor living conditions (lack of sufficient heating, necessary furniture, etc.).

List and location in the Russian Federation

Currently, there are eight operating prisons in Russia, located in different regions of the country. These are the following establishments.

1. OD 1/T-2 “Vladimir Central” (address: Vladimir, B. Nizhegorodskaya St., 67).
2. Investigative prison YuU 323/ST-2 “Eletskaya krytka” (address: Yelets, Proletarskaya St., 16).
3. USH 382/T prison (address: Balashov, Uralskaya St., 17).
4. UE 148/T-4 prison (address: Chistopol, K. Liebknecht St., 1).
5. YuI 78/ST-2 prison (address: Dimitrovgrad, Kalugina St., 66). Designed for 250 seats.
6. YaV 48/T-1 prison for 1600 places in Verkhneuralsk.
7. UP 288/T-4 prison for 400 places (address: Yeniseisk, Dekabristov St., 11).
8. OE 256/T-1 prison (address: Vologda, Chernyshevsky St.).

What's the difference with a "zone"?

The term "zone" does not appear in official legal documentation and refers to the realm of colloquial speech. This word arose from the truncation of the names of individual parts of correctional institutions - “residential zone” and “industrial zone”. Most often, this word is used to describe all types of correctional colonies.

Correct prisons

All criminals know that. Therefore, in the “black” colonies there is peace and grace for everyone who follows these laws. The authorities in power do everything possible to ensure that their “wards” have a good life. They establish a connection with the will, and for special merits they can even smuggle a cell phone into the zone. The administration turns a blind eye to prohibited things, alcohol and drugs in “black” prisons.

They also turn a blind eye to the fact that prisoners do not carry out the work assigned to them. For example, in the “black” zone, prisoners do not clean the area and refuse to wash their cells. However, this is a small price to pay for the fact that in the “black” colonies there are practically no murders or fights, unlike the “red” and “green” zones. Today there are fewer and fewer “black” prisons. But on the contrary, there have been more “greens” over the past few years. And the orders in them are somewhat different from the zones of other colors.

Areas of colony settlements in correctional colonies

Sometimes so-called “settlement colony sections” are created in general regime correctional colonies. Typically, “sites” are designed for a small number of convicts - as a rule, they are used to carry out economic work on the territory of the penal colony.

As a rule, convicts held in regular colony settlements are transferred to KP sites based on their own applications, as well as by agreement with the KP administration.

We are aware of the practice of transferring convicts from the CP to the “CP site at the penal colony” for the purpose of considering applications for parole by another court. The court at the location of the KP was considered “impenetrable” among the convicts, so they sought to be transferred to another institution. This phenomenon is unlikely to be widespread, but it is quite interesting from the point of view of the practice of parole.

What is the difference between a prison and a zone?

The zone is a place for correction.
It is a small closed town. There is a fairly high level of freedom here. Prisoners can work, borrow books, attend clubs and go on walks.

In fact, it is not entirely appropriate to compare these words, since zone is a slang concept and does not appear in the documentation.

Differences between them:

1. The zone is a camp, the territory of which cannot be left. This is the entire period of imprisonment - from the pre-trial detention center until the moment of release. The word zone does not appear in the documents.
2. Prisoners do nothing in their cells. At camp they have a job and the opportunity to spend time reading or in a club.
3. It is impossible to move freely in the cell. At the camp you can visit various places and even receive education.
4. Order of personalities. Here it's more about getting nicknames and communicating. In the camp you can get a nickname from anyone and communicate with anyone you want. In prison you only have cellmates. They are the ones who most often give nicknames.

How to behave in a pre-trial detention center

In a pre-trial detention center, all inmates must behave almost like in an ordinary hostel. You need to show basic politeness: say hello at the entrance, do not take other people’s things, watch your words, hygiene, etc. However, you should not address yourself as “you,” although it is better to be tactful the first time.

There are many informal rules, and it will be difficult for a beginner to remember them in one reading. Therefore, when you first get acquainted with a pre-trial detention center, it is better not to pretend that you already know everything, but to familiarize yourself with some important details superficially. This makes them easier to remember.

Unofficial rules of conduct

In order to serve your sentence in a pre-trial detention center without any problems, it is important to strictly follow the unspoken rules of behavior. First of all, be polite. It is not necessary to shake hands with everyone when you first enter; just say: “Hello, my name is...”. It is not recommended to swear during a conversation, especially for beginners.

Each cell has its own “supervisor” - a person who monitors compliance with the rules and concepts. As a rule, he initiates the newcomer into all the norms of behavior or appoints a person to perform this task. The observer indicates where the newcomer will sleep, determines the range of household obligations for him and tells him who is “omitted” here.

It is important to keep your body and clothes clean. If a person does not take care of himself, he can fall “under the bunk” or into the category of “devils”, which involves performing the most difficult and dirty work.

Note. Relieving yourself while someone is eating or drinking tea is strictly prohibited. This is considered an insult. After using the toilet, you must wash your hands, even if there is a queue at the washbasin.

It is better not to gamble, even if there are no bets. If the game is lost (and if the person is not a card sharper or a professional, this outcome is inevitable), the opponent may claim that “just because” meant a thousand dollars. Refusal to pay a gambling debt is punishable, if not by death, then by being sent to the bunk.

If for some reason you cannot give up the game, it is important to state: “I am playing without interest.” This phrase stipulates the principle: whatever the outcome of the game, the players disperse peacefully.

Green colonies

In “green” prisons, all power belongs to prisoners who profess Islam. Due to the instability of the situation in the Caucasus at the beginning of the 2000s, the proportion of Muslims in Russian prisons increased. Once in one colony, they unite and begin to demand special conditions for themselves. In addition, Islamic terrorists are spreading their radical views among other prisoners.

“Jamaats” - the leaders of Islamic groups formed in the prison refuse to cooperate with the prison administration. They do not recognize the Russian code of thieves and are guided by their own rules. However, Muslim prisoners still collect money for the common fund. They follow the rules of their faith relentlessly, and this often leads to conflicts with fellow prisoners and guards. At the same time, the “jamaats” will not listen to the imam who came to them with instructions from the outside. For them, only the advice of an imam who has served or is imprisoned in a “green” colony is valuable.

Orders in red zones

One of the biggest fears of “correct” criminals is ending up in a “red” colony. There, order and discipline are maintained by prisoners collaborating with the colony administration. For this they receive certain relaxations in the regime. In addition, inside the “red” prison itself there is also a division into sections. For example, prisoners are assigned to the law enforcement, sports, or hygiene and cleanliness sections. Failure to comply with section rules usually results in severe penalties.

In most “red” prisons, arbitrariness reigns on the part of the administration. The slightest offense - an untimely smoke break or a swear word during a round - and the prisoner can end up in a punishment cell. Or they will use other methods of punishment, including assault. They learn about all violations in the administration only from informers - “goats”. And even thieves in law who find themselves in the “red” zone cannot fight them. Here, unlike other prisons, they have no authority. Moreover, thieves in law are often transferred to “red” colonies in order to break their will. They are forced to break the thieves' code and work for the administration. Some agree to cooperate voluntarily, but many have to be broken long and hard.

In the “black” prisons of Russia, completely different laws reign. They are run by thieves in law.

Answers to any questions

During the day in the industrial zone (employment), in the evening in the barracks. There is 1 day off.

In this article you got acquainted with correctional institutions that have a strict regime of imprisonment. What it is can be described in two words: a place of awareness of the inadmissibility of one’s style of behavior and actions for a normal society, with further correction of one’s moral principles and a transition to the right path in life.

Criminals convicted of committing serious crimes serve their sentences in closed penitentiary structures - maximum security colonies: It is a gross mistake to equate a maximum security colony with prisons. Penitentiary institutions are fenced with a multi-level security perimeter: guard towers and impenetrable concrete walls with barbed wire.

Special precautions are also taken in the premises located within the camp. But, nevertheless, escapes happen.

What is a prison, the conditions in it

By prison, current legislation means the most stringent correctional institutions within the penitentiary system. Such institutions provide for the stay of prisoners in mandatory locked cells in conditions of limited space and with significant restrictions on rights. Living conditions in prison are extremely harsh and only persons convicted of particularly dangerous recidivism or repeated malicious violation of the rules of stay in a correctional colony are transferred here.

Prisoners are rarely involved in work in prison - most of the time they are simply in their cells. Given the limited number of prisons in Russia, a situation often arises where the number of beds is two or three times lower than the number of prisoners. All correspondence and broadcasts are subject to mandatory censorship, and if kept in prison under strict conditions, they may be completely prohibited.

At the same time, prisoners in prisons also have the right to be transferred to other correctional institutions, but only to correctional colonies, and not to settlement colonies. The right to walk in prisons may also be absent, as well as the possibility of visits and telephone calls. In addition, the rules of the prison are the strictest. For example, in most prisons, any movement outside the cell is carried out exclusively in handcuffs and in a bent position, to prevent any illegal actions by prisoners and violation of the rules of detention.

What is a prison and zone?

Firstly, in Russian colloquial language, the word “prison” refers to all places of deprivation of liberty. Secondly, camp and zone are synonyms. These two features create confusion for uninformed people, for whom both the prison and the colony appear in the imagination as damp and gloomy dungeons. But this, of course, is not true.

Pre-trial detention centers (SIZOs) are also called prisons, where suspects await the end of the investigation and the verdict of the court. There is more truth here. Although a pre-trial detention center cannot be a prison by definition, since people under investigation are imprisoned here, a pre-trial detention center and a prison are very similar in terms of conditions of detention. And these conditions, if not harsh, are very difficult.

A person in prison is deprived not only of freedom, but also freedom of movement. Most of the time (usually 23 hours) he sits in a cell. The walk lasts an hour, in a strictly designated and strictly guarded place, where even the sky is checkered.

What temporary temporary accommodation facilities are installed in the pre-trial detention center?

Find out what rights a person has when detained.

If you look at the zone in light of the above, it may seem like the opposite of a prison. But first you need to define the terms. The zone and camp are called correctional colonies (IK). The camp is a “legacy” of the Soviet Union.

In those days there were forced labor camps. The union no longer exists, as do the camps, but the term is used by inertia. In addition, it is not entirely convenient to use the official phrase “correctional colony” in colloquial speech - this is another reason why people use an outdated word.

The main difference between a zone and a prison is a softer regime of detention. There's a lot more freedom there. You can move around without an escort and your sentence is served not in cells, but in barracks (dormitories). You can go out of them and, for example, take a walk, albeit in a strictly defined sector. Moreover, you can work in the zone, there is a shop and even a club where cultural events are held.

To summarize, we can say that a colony is a prison settlement . Yes, they serve their sentences here, the prisoners are deservedly deprived of some rights, but at the same time they can lead a life, albeit remotely, but reminiscent of freedom.

But this does not mean that the colonies are good. In most cases, it is more humane than in prison, but the zones are different. Much depends on the population for which a particular correctional institution is intended. And not only from him. There are some other features that bring prisons closer to colonies and, on the contrary, make them different. Let's talk about them in more detail.

How are visits conducted in a pre-trial detention center?

International Standards for Prisoners

In 1955, the first UN Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders adopted the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. This document is advisory in nature.

According to him, the prison regime should differ minimally from life in freedom, so as not to “kill prisoners’ sense of responsibility and consciousness of human dignity.” Any discrimination should be prohibited in prisons. Men and women, defendants and convicts, juvenile and adult prisoners, first-time prisoners and repeat offenders must be kept separately. Each prisoner is entitled to a separate “cell or room”, and when kept in general cells, a separate bed. The lighting of the cells must allow reading and working “without danger to vision,” and their volume and ventilation must comply with sanitary standards. Toilets must be kept clean and prisoners must have easy access to them. Convicts should be given the opportunity to wash themselves at least once a week, and men should be given the opportunity to shave regularly.

Meals must be regular and “sufficient to maintain health and strength,” and water must be available at all times.

Prisoners should be able to have regular face-to-face contact with family and friends. They must be able to obtain news from the media or “other means controlled by the administration,” and every prison must have a library.

Prisoners are required to work, but their work should not cause suffering and should be “fairly paid.”

When applying disciplinary punishments, cruelty and humiliation of human dignity should be avoided; corporal punishment, placement in “dark cells,” and the use of shackles and chains should be completely eliminated.

All prisons must have a full-time general practitioner and prisoners must receive professional dental care.[3]

Member countries of the Council of Europe, along with this document, are recommended to be guided by the European prison rules. They contain additional requirements compared to the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. For example, there should be enough bathrooms and showers for each prisoner to use them every day if possible, but at least twice a week, and the prison diet should take into account the religious and cultural traditions of the individual prisoner. Prisoners are encouraged to be granted leave with the possibility of release.

What is the difference between a strict regime and a general regime? For which crimes are they given a strict regime and for which general regime?

The conditions for serving a sentence in this institution are very harsh and include complete isolation from society. Nevertheless, former convicts believe that it is much easier to “sit” in a strict regime than in a settlement. What is the difference between a general regime prison and a penal colony? After all, you don’t have to work here, but the state will still provide food and clothing.

In general mode everything is a little simpler. Moreover, many people here receive early release after a certain amount of time. Some are transferred to settlements for good behavior.

There, the convicts serve the remainder of their sentence. This is a very good prospect for those who want to improve and return home quickly.

But in a strict and general regime, the perpetrator may be in ordinary, strict or light conditions. This will depend on himself, on his desire to work and improve. In addition, when serving a sentence in a general regime colony, convicts have the opportunity to receive only four long-term visits and 6 short-term ones.

On the strict level there are even fewer - only three of each type during the year. It should also be noted here that visits are granted mainly to close relatives. Although, with the permission of the head of the colony, even an “unofficial” spouse or friend can see the convicted person.

Those who are planning to visit a convicted person in a colony need to know about this. Therefore, when answering the question of why a guilty person is sent to a maximum security colony, for what crimes, it is necessary to turn to the norms of the current law. The Penal Code states that citizens who committed very serious acts for the first time, as well as repeat offenders, serve their sentences in such institutions. Even with excellent behavior and performance, convicts under strict regime are not always given parole.

However, they are transferred to easier living conditions.

You don't have to explain anything to anyone

Once you are in the camera, you will become a source of increased interest. A new person in a cell is always important news in the conditions of a boring and monotonous Zonov life, and therefore you cannot avoid attention from the convicts.

If you are asked who you are, where you are from, under what article you are accused or convicted, and you have no desire to talk about it, then you may well limit yourself, in addition to the standard greeting when entering a cell/barrack, to only your name and article number, also the city, Where are you from. This information will be known to your cellmates anyway; it would be stupid to hide it, but according to prison customs, you have the right to keep the rest of the information to yourself. And in order not to have unnecessary correctional facilities, you should not talk about your past life or the crime you committed.

Also, your cellmates may ask you provocative questions, for example, who are you in life? It is better to answer that you are a decent person. If they ask who a decent person is, then it must be said that this is the one who is responsible for his words and does not betray. Provocative conversations should be avoided whenever possible.

In prison it is very important to show willpower and character. Gotta make your cellmates respect you

Only then will serving your sentence seem relatively calm.

Black Dolphin Prison - The most terrible prison in Russia is HELL

What to take with you to a colony settlement

By and large, there is no great need to prepare for a colony settlement in any special way. There are no restrictions on transfers in these institutions, and everything actually needed can be sent in a parcel or delivered in person, or purchased at a local kiosk. Upon arrival, you need to prepare only what will be needed in the first two weeks that the convict will spend in quarantine.

Here's what it won't be easy to do without:

• warm clothes and shoes, socks are a must,
• comfortable slippers,
• shaving and soap-snout accessories;
• shampoo and washing powder;
• cigarettes (even if the convicted person does not smoke);
• books for reading, writing materials;
• sweets and tea/coffee;
• some allowed products - in case there is a problem with feeding.

I recommend having the criminal and criminal procedure codes with you. If you don’t need them, you can leave them in the institution’s library - there is always a shortage of these books. You will do a good deed.

During the quarantine period there will be no meetings and they usually don’t want to miss programs either. In fact, this is the only period of blockade when the convicted person cannot buy something himself or receive it from outside. In addition, he has not yet established social connections in the colony itself, that is, he has no one to ask for what he needs.

What is the difference between a prison and a colony?

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The first is a general concept. This is an institution that exists to reform people who have committed crimes and need to be isolated.

The rights and freedoms of such offenders are curtailed.

The second is a place to keep people. Most often this is a settlement that has everything:

• place to work;
• place to stay overnight;
• shop;
• administration.

It is worth noting: there is a little more freedom in the colony. But still, the main purpose is to deprive a person of his rights due to violations.

There is a difference:

1. In prison, the attacker is in a locked cell and has no right to leave its territory. Only daily walks under supervision are possible, as well as meetings with family. In the colony there is more freedom of movement. There you can visit work areas and move freely.
2. Classes. People do practically nothing in the cell. They just sit there, waiting for the deadline to expire. Colonies have special work areas where prisoners spend most of the day. Sometimes they are even paid for the successful fulfillment of all obligations;
3. The end result of the conclusion. People are placed in a colony in the hope of reform. Individuals who end up in prison are those from whom you do not expect to admit their guilt or correct their mistakes.
4. Subspecies. The prison is not divided into categories. There is only one of her. While a colony can be of strict and general regimes, as well as correctional, medical or for minors.

In general, both institutions have the same function - to correct the person who committed the offense. Only the conditions of stay are different.

You may be interested in an article about the types of punishment under Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Theft”.

Colony-settlement as the most loyal way of implementing punishment in the form of imprisonment

In this case, an artificial environment is required that imitates the structure of a real society, but has a limited area and is staffed with observers monitoring compliance with behavioral norms. Such an environment makes it possible to determine the possibility of resocialization of a convicted individual without more stringent correctional procedures, his desire and possibility of peaceful coexistence with others and providing for his needs by legal means.

You will learn about the conditions for serving imprisonment in penal colonies in the video below:

Colony-settlements are divided into institutions for two types of prisoners, namely: Punishment, when a colony-settlement is assigned as a place of serving imprisonment, is nominal in nature and is more reminiscent of a long shift at a logging industry.

Restrictions on rights and freedoms take the form of testing the convicted person’s ability to function normally, without antisocial behavior or going beyond what is permitted. Read below about the features and regime of detention in the settlement colony.

The most severe room

Punishment cell - punishment cell. The most severe punishment for prisoners serving time in a correctional colony. The conditions for staying in such a place are prescribed in the same article 118 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation.

A person forced to serve his sentence there is deprived of all the little joys necessary for a prisoner - he is not entitled to visits, phone calls, walks and parcels. It is not allowed to take anything other than the simplest hygiene products from personal belongings in the punishment cell.

Spending money from your personal account on additional food is also prohibited. At the same time, the norms of food provided are reduced compared to usual.

True, the period of stay in the isolation ward cannot exceed fifteen days. Nevertheless, there are many cases when those who especially maliciously violated the rules established in the zone and ignored the penalties of the prison authorities were sent to the punishment cell, term after term.

The isolation room is extremely cramped - on nine square meters there are from two to four bunk “shelves” without any mattresses or blankets. There is either no window or a small barred window right under the ceiling.

At night, the sleeping bunks are leaned against the wall and locked. Sometimes small shelves are attached to the back of them so that the prisoner can sit during the day. In some colonies, these seats are located at an obtuse angle to the wall - this does not allow you to sit down fully, and the person is forced to be in an average position, between sitting and standing.

The only opportunity to change the environment is an hour-long walk once a day, if the management of the correctional institution allows. Often there are several prisoners in a punishment cell and there are not enough bunks for everyone - people have to take turns sleeping. At the same time, prison guards do not allow you to nap during the day.

On our website you can also find out how sentences are served in women's prisons and what types of colonies there are for former employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

A mental hospital is a scary place where people are turned into vegetables/zombies/controllable

Not true. Thanks to the cinema for this stereotype. I won’t say that a mental hospital is a joyful place with fairies and pink ponies, it’s a depressing place. But this is first and foremost a hospital. Standard departments - corridor and wards. Yes, the wards often have no doors, but these are ordinary wards with beds and bedside tables. The number of chambers varies, but there is always an observation chamber (sometimes two). This is where the first thing the guys in an exacerbation go (in fact, the most mentally ill ward). This room is the farthest from the exit; there will be barred windows and a sanitary post at the exit. There are no bedside tables - only beds. The beds are iron, armored, with mattresses covered with oilcloth (it’s clear why). It will come as a surprise to many, but there are no straitjackets in the madhouses for a long time. And even more so in rooms with soft walls. There are harnesses (bundles, belts - they are called differently in each locality), very strong tourniquets, which actually fix the especially violent to this very iron bed. Each orderly knits in his own way; there is no universal technique. Soft fixation (that's what it's called) occurs only with the approval of a doctor (this is shown in the documentation - it is prescribed as a medicine). When the severity of psychosis subsides, the patient is transferred to any other ward, and a fresh patient is put in his place. In closed psychiatric wards, patients cannot freely leave the ward (there are only rare exceptions), the guys from the observation room can only walk to the toilet and back (most often this is a couple of meters). So, apart from the observation room, everyone is very calm - playing cards, watching TV, in short, just like in a regular hospital.

Prisoner statistics by country

Main article: List of countries by prison population

Number of prisoners per 100,000 citizens by country, 2012

According to some estimates, at least 9.25 million people were incarcerated worldwide in 2006.[6] However, the actual number of prisoners may be much higher, since reliable data are not available from a number of countries, especially those with authoritarian political regimes.

In absolute terms, the United States of America currently leads in the number of prisoners; In this country, over 2.19 million[7], or more than one in every hundred adults[8], are incarcerated. Although the US population is less than 5% of the world's, about 20% of people behind bars are in American prisons.

The United States of America also has primacy in the proportion of citizens behind bars: as of October 2006, 738 people out of every hundred thousand were serving time, were detained on suspicion of committing a crime, or were in custody awaiting trial[9]. The cost of housing prisoners varies across states in the United States. In New York State in 2010, the cost of housing one prisoner per day was $210.[10]

In Russia in October 2006, there were 869,814 people in prison, or 611 prisoners per 100,000 population.[6] As of February 1, 2014, 674.1 thousand people were kept in institutions of the penal system (penal system), 1859 people were serving life sentences

Pre-trial detention center

The abbreviation SIZO stands for “pre-trial detention center.” Those persons who are suspected or accused of committing a crime are placed here. A detention order must be issued against the offender - only in this case can he be placed in a pre-trial detention center.

The main purpose of placement in a pre-trial detention center is to attempt to restrict the suspect's freedom of movement and contact with the outside world. While in a pre-trial detention center, a person will not be able to escape, bribe witnesses, threaten the victim, etc.

Let's consider the key features of the pre-trial detention center:

1. Convicts are kept in locked premises, and therefore the possibility of their free movement around the territory of the pre-trial detention center is excluded.
2. The isolation ward is not intended to house prisoners on a permanent basis. This is its main difference from prison. The accused is placed in a pre-trial detention center for the duration of the investigation. Here people are held before the trial, as well as during the court hearing, awaiting the final verdict.

Regimes of detention in penitentiary institutions

In general, almost all penitentiary institutions provide for the separation of prisoner detention regimes for correctional and incentive purposes. First of all, such regimes are used for correctional colonies and prisons, but in a certain form they can take place in pre-trial detention centers or colony settlements.

The prisoner’s living conditions and the rights he has depend on the regime of detention. In general, the following three types of maintenance regime can be distinguished:

• Light mode. This is provided for correctional colonies of all types and involves reducing restrictions on the number of visits, telephone calls, and spending funds from personal accounts. This regime is provided to prisoners who demonstrate exemplary behavior and do not violate labor or other procedures for serving their sentence. It is not used in pre-trial detention centers and prisons, but in colony-settlements it may simply have the form of other additional benefits and preferences from the management, consisting, for example, in the right to live outside the territory of the colony-settlement, but in a neighboring locality. In all types of institutions where such a regime is applied, accommodation in dormitories with other prisoners is provided.
• General mode. This regime means the standard regime for serving a sentence for a given institution, assigned in accordance with the general procedure. It is from the general regime that the transfer is made to light or strict. In correctional colonies, persons serving a general regime sentence live in dormitories.
• Strict regime. A strict regime means special conditions of detention for prisoners who pose a public danger or violate the established procedure for serving a sentence, evading labor duties and committing offenses on the territory of a correctional institution. Under a strict regime of serving a sentence, accommodation is carried out in locked premises without the right to freely leave them, as well as with restrictions on other rights available to prisoners.

Important fact

In addition to the three different regimes of detention, there are also additional measures of influence on prisoners associated with changes in their regime of residence and detention. These include a punishment cell, which provides for the separate detention of a prisoner in solitary confinement in a pre-trial detention center. Or - a punishment cell (punishment cell) in correctional colonies, the conditions of which are close to prison ones.

Camp characteristics

This term refers to a special type of penitentiary institution, the content of which implies not only the restriction of a person’s freedom, but also the imposition of a number of work responsibilities on him.

Correctional camps are located in special regions. As an example, it is worth citing the Far East or the Far North. The labor of convicts, which is used in the camps, is directed only to the development of these areas. This could be the construction of facilities in difficult climatic conditions, the construction of transport roads, the laying of canals and other types of activities that involve heavy physical labor.

Special room or barracks

PKT – stands for cell-type premises; it is used in correctional colonies, both general and strict regime. It is located directly on the territory of the colony, in contrast to the EPKT - a single cell-type room. This type of cell is already considered an independent penitentiary institution, and prisoners are sent there in stages.

Violators of the regulations are accommodated in PKT and EPKT with several people per room. The former name of the PKT was a high-security barracks, that is, BUR. In some colonies this name was retained as an unofficial name.

According to Article 118 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, residents of a cell room have the right to only one parcel and one parcel every six months. In one month, a prisoner in a PKT can spend only five thousand rubles from his account. One and a half hours a day is the duration of a walk for a person sentenced to PCT or EPCT. Sometimes the head of the colony can increase this time to three hours if the prisoner approximately complies with the internal rules of the correctional institution.

The furnishings of the PKT are modest - folding beds and benches, according to the number of inhabitants of the room, a table firmly attached to the floor, and a bathroom behind a meter-long partition. The walls are covered with a layer of light-colored plaster, and the floor has wooden flooring on top of concrete. Access to the window is blocked by a fine-mesh steel grille; heating radiators and lamps are located in niches fenced off with the same mesh.

Maximum security correctional colony No. 33

We went to the duty station, whose employees are actively working with prisoners.

This is Valery’s second trip, also for drugs. He served his first term in general regime colony No. 35.

The territory of the colony is incredibly clean and tidy. There is not a single blade of grass or dry leaf on the paths, it feels like the asphalt is being vacuumed.27.

Smoking rooms are located near each squad. There is no money in the zone; the only means of payment are cigarettes and tea. In exchange for them, you can get other goods (services). By the way, in the colony there is a store (in the slang of convicts, a store is “Tea, smoking, various cans”) where you can buy some products and basic necessities. Payment in the store is non-cash. Money is debited from a personal account, which is replenished by relatives in the wild, or by payment for the work of the convicted person.53.

The workshop provides excellent conditions for creative work. However, when we entered, the music was playing too loudly.

Differences between a prison and a colony

Read our other articles from this section:

• How to find out where the convicted person is sitting?
• Types of torture used in prisons.
• .

Thus, prisons and colonies are correctional institutions of different types, differing from each other both in the conditions of detention of prisoners and in the general focus of serving their sentences.

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Literature

• Arrest houses // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
• Gubsky M.F., Davydov E.
  Prison // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
• Aleksushin G.V.
• Emma Goldman
• Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: encyclopedia. M.: Ed. editorial office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Olma-press, 2002.
• Lozovsky V.
  . - ADEF-Ukraine, 2010. - ISBN 978-966-187-070-2.
• Azhippo V. A. Don’t renounce... The whole truth about prison.
• Starostin Dmitry.
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  - Ultra.Culture, 2005. - ISBN 5-9681-0024-9. ( memoirs of the author, who spent five years in an American prison
  ).
• : textbook / V. G. Stukanov. – Minsk: Acad. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic Belarus, 2013. – 395 p.