SIZO is an abbreviation that stands for “pre-trial detention center.”
Not only convicts are held here, but also citizens under investigation, against whom a court verdict has not yet been rendered. Such defendants end up in a pre-trial detention center only after the court determines their place of detention if they have committed a crime punishable by imprisonment for a term of more than 3 years. Since the period of detention in a pre-trial detention center is sometimes calculated in years, after the verdict, it is deducted from the total term, due to which some people sentenced to short terms never end up in prison.
But here, too, there is a rule - one day spent in a pre-trial detention center is equivalent to one day of forced labor; one day of imprisonment; one day of arrest; two days of restriction of freedom; three days of restrictions on a/c; three days of correctional labor; eight hours of compulsory work.
Definition of correctional facilities
Deprivation and restriction of freedom are types of punishment provided for by the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Penal Code of the Russian Federation). To implement such types of punishment, a system of correctional institutions has been created. These include educational colonies, medical correctional institutions, settlement colonies, correctional colonies, prisons, but pre-trial detention centers do not belong to them. The list of such institutions is exhaustive and is established by Art. 74 Penal Code of the Russian Federation. It seems very important not to confuse all these institutions with each other and to know the characteristics of each of them. Citizens often wonder: are a prison and a pre-trial detention center the same thing or are they different institutions? We will try to give the answer as accurately and clearly as possible. First of all, it is necessary to establish separately the concepts of prison and pre-trial detention center.
Concept and brief description of prisons
Prison is a correctional institution in which male persons sentenced to imprisonment are placed. The term of such punishment must exceed five years, with a portion of the term to be served in prison. Convicts transferred for a term of up to 3 years for regular violation of order and discipline in a correctional colony can also be placed here. Prison is the most restrictive place of confinement. Two regimes are established here - general and strict, the conditions in which are much more stringent and strict than in other institutions. Having people in such a place implies a serious curtailment of their rights. What distinguishes a prison from a pre-trial detention center, and indeed from other institutions, is the restriction of movement. Movement is also restricted within the prison itself. Externally, it is a separate building or a complex of them, which are united by one security line, within which there is a strict access control regime.
Classification of regimes in prison
The law does not establish a classification of prisons; it does not exist, but there are two regimes that operate within its limits - general and strict. In accordance with Part 3 of Art. 130 of the Penal Code, all persons who arrive in prison to serve a sentence are placed in a strict regime, and convicts from general regime are also transferred to it. Exceptions are made for disabled people of the first and second groups, who cannot be placed in a strict regime under any circumstances. In this type of regime, the convicted person must serve a sentence of at least one year, while the administration is not given the obligation, but the right, to transfer the person to the general regime of serving the sentence. Therefore, a person can remain in strict regime for several years.
If he is on a general regime and commits violations of the regime, the convicted person may be transferred to a strict regime. In at least a year it can be returned back. The difference between the regimes lies in the number of dates per year, the duration and presence of walks, telephone conversations, the amount of funds allowed to be spent for personal purposes (food, photographer services, purchase of envelopes, stamps, postcards, etc.).
How to send a letter
The number of letters received and sent is not limited. However, a nuance should be taken into account: each letter is checked by authorized investigators.
This year, the system of communication with family has received significant changes and updates. Now there are a large number of services through which you can send an email to a relative in a pre-trial detention center. Although it is recommended to use the official portal of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.
The rules for writing emails are regulated by Order No. 205 of the Ministry of Justice of Russia. First of all, instructions are given on the need to comply with the censorship procedure. An exception to this rule are letters from the court and other government agencies.
Why such email correspondence was introduced:
- Significant acceleration of sending letters and, accordingly, receiving them;
- Quick reading by authorized censor;
- Sending can be done from virtually anywhere, as long as you have access to a computer and the Internet.
In fact, the censor checks sent letters on the day they are received. If the text contains any unacceptable points, they are simply deleted (previously the letter was simply thrown out before reaching the addressee). It is also allowed to attach photographs to the letter.
A citizen in a pre-trial detention center can also send an email. To do this, he needs to compile it in writing, and then transfer it to an authorized investigator. The letter is scanned and sent by email. The service is paid, but very affordable.
What should not be included in letters
All letters sent to the pre-trial detention center are subject to mandatory verification.
First of all, it is necessary to understand that any letter, especially sent from a person under investigation, will be checked. Therefore, you should not provide information about the case under consideration. This also provides protection for the defendant himself, since it is not necessary to exclude unscrupulous investigators who are ready to hand over information for a reward.
What is better not to write in a letter:
- Information about persons who participate in the case or are related to it;
- Information on the case that was not available to the investigative committee;
- Your opinion on the ongoing process and case;
- Information about the presence of any connections with other prisoners;
- Profanity, insult;
- Encrypted messages;
- Information about weapons, drugs;
- Attach intimate photographs;
- Calls for the overthrow of the existing government system.
What is a pre-trial detention center?
First, let's decipher the abbreviation SIZO - pre-trial detention center. Such an institution, as a general rule, has no relation to the penitentiary system, that is, to the execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment. Suspects and accused persons are kept in this institution, which means that the court has not passed a verdict against these persons; they are not convicted. The pre-trial detention center contains only those citizens against whom a preventive measure has been applied - detention. Until the sentence passed by the judge has entered into legal force, the person will remain in isolation and should not be transferred to another institution.
There are no regimes on the territory of such an institution, which means that all transfers are prohibited. There are also exceptions to the general rule, for example, a convicted person may be involved in performing household work on the territory of a pre-trial detention center. But not only this circumstance can serve as a basis for serving a sentence in a pre-trial detention center. He also serves time in a pre-trial detention center when the sentence does not exceed 6 months.
The classification of pre-trial detention centers is not provided for by law. We have defined the concept and types of regimes in prison. You also learned what a pre-trial detention center is (photos are provided for a more complete understanding of the system). Now we can move on to comparison. What is the difference between a prison and a pre-trial detention center, since people often equate such concepts?
alishavalenko.ru
Terentyev Bogdan
- 04.08.2018 /
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A pre-trial detention center is not a correctional facility. Is it a place of detention?
Is it a place of detention?
The pre-trial detention center limits the freedom of those in it and is intended for citizens who have already been arrested, but their case has not yet been considered in court, that is, it is positioned as a place of detention. Decoding the abbreviation How does pre-trial detention center stand for? The abbreviation of the definition originates from Soviet times. It is taken from the first letters of the expression “pretrial detention center” - this is the decoding of the abbreviation.
What types are there? The conditions of the detention center vary depending on the age and gender of the citizens under investigation.
It is customary to distinguish the following types of pre-trial detention centers:
- Medical blocks.
- Male and female cameras.
- For minors.
Clause 18 of the Rules states that citizens are placed in cells taking into account the requirements of Article 33 of the Federal Law.
Similarities between prison and pre-trial detention center
- First of all, the similarity of these two institutions is that they are designed to ensure the restriction of such an important human right - the right to freedom of movement. This situation can be briefly described as isolation.
- The purpose of the institutions is to correct convicts and prevent them and other people from committing illegal acts.
- In exceptional cases, which were previously noted, a pre-trial detention center, like a prison, is a correctional institution in which convicts serve their sentences.
- In addition, both of these institutions have their own supervisory system, which we will discuss in more detail later.
Is there still a difference between a pre-trial detention center and a prison or is it a myth?
We hope that by reaching this part of the article, you have already realized that the two above-mentioned institutions belong to completely different areas and cannot be identified. Nevertheless, we will structure all the information and present it briefly below:
- The prison is a correctional institution and part of the penitentiary (criminal-executive) system of the Russian Federation, and the pre-trial detention center is the place where the preventive measure is implemented - detention.
- Convicts are held in prison after a court verdict has been rendered and entered into legal force, while suspects and accused are held in pre-trial detention centers.
- A prison is a closed-type institution, on the territory of which there is a permit regime; a pre-trial detention center does not have this, and it can be built on the territory of a district police department.
- The law does not provide for the classification of prisons, but there are two regimes - general and strict; in pre-trial detention centers there are no regimes or classifications of the institution.
- Women cannot be placed in prison; only men are sent there either for violating the established order in the colony, or when they are sentenced to serve a sentence in prison for five or more years. Both men and women can be sent to pre-trial detention centers, and if convicts are serving their sentences there, their term of imprisonment should not exceed 6 months.
Based on these provisions, you can easily determine the difference between a pre-trial detention center and a prison, because these are completely different institutions with different meanings and structures.
Stories of the most famous pre-trial detention centers
The first pre-trial detention centers opened in the USSR more than 50 years ago. A new type of penitentiary institutions for holding defendants and persons under investigation was developed by the Ministry of Public Order in 1963.
As of 2022, there are about 217 pre-trial detention centers in Russia. In addition to them, another 98 premises are used by law enforcement agencies as pre-trial detention centers. Over the years of its existence, each of the institutions has managed to be noted in history for exciting events and unique persons. The names “Matrosskaya Tishina”, “Butyrka” and “Crosses” were repeatedly mentioned in historical films and feature series.
"Sailor's Silence"
Its history began in 1775. At that time, by decree of Catherine II, a house for insolent people was opened on the site of the current pre-trial detention center.
In its original form, it existed for a relatively short time and in 1870 it was renamed the Moscow Correctional Prison. The renewed institution accepted up to 150 women and 300 men. The prison was created for one purpose: “to put a well-known craft into the hands of this rabble.” Prisoners were considered rabble: thieves, petty criminals and swindlers.
Note. Over the years, the area of the institution expanded. In 1912, new buildings designed by Boris Alberti appeared on the territory. In 1918, the profile changed slightly: it was already a reformatory for juvenile convicts, then a colony and again a prison. Today it is pre-trial detention center No. 1 of the Moscow City Internal Affairs Directorate.
“Matrosskaya Tishina” gained fame thanks to its prisoners. Here sat members of the State Emergency Committee after the unsuccessful putsch, crime boss Vyacheslav Ivankov (“Yaponchik”), Sergei Magnitsky, director Kirill Serebrennikov, Yaroslavl mayor Yevgeny Urlashov, oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky and the creator of the financial pyramid Sergei Mavrodi.
Reference. At the beginning of 2022, information was leaked to the media that there were VIP cells in “Matrosskaya Tishina”, places in which were being sold for decent sums. The scandal cost the deputy head of the detention center his job.
The popularity of the pre-trial detention center is due to high-profile escapes. In 1995, the famous killer Alexander Solonik managed to escape from its walls, helped by one of the guards. In 2003, Belarusian Vasily Slavgorodsky fled from the exercise yard, but a few months later he was detained.
"Butyrka"
The history of this institution is full of dark secrets and mysteries. According to legends, it was here that Emelyan Pugachev awaited his execution. True, the event occurred before the establishment of a correctional facility on this site. The prison appeared in 1879.
Note. “Butyrka” consists of 20 three-story buildings with 434 cells.
Compared to “Matrosskaya Tishina”, fewer famous criminals were imprisoned here. Much of his fame comes from his high-profile and frequent escapes. The first of these in the modern history of the pre-trial detention center happened in 1992 - two prisoners escaped from the exercise yard. After 2 days they were detained. In 2010, a prisoner managed to escape from the Butyrok wash station. Two years later he was detained in Finland.
"Crosses"
This is a St. Petersburg isolation ward with more than a century of history. Initially, the institution served as a transit point for convicts sent to various prisons, mainly in Siberia.
They say that the history of Russia can be studied by the contingent of those sitting in the “Crosses”. People's Volunteers, Chairman of the Provisional Government Kerensky, leaders of the Bolshevik Party Trotsky, Lunacharsky, Dybenko were here. After the revolution, the poet Zabolotsky, the historian Gumilyov, the future Marshal Rokossovsky, and the actor Zhzhenov visited the institution. The Kresty pre-trial detention center became a pre-trial detention center in 1964, a year after such institutions appeared in the USSR.
Escapes occurred rarely, but on a large scale. In 1991, bandit Sergei Maduev (“Chervonets”) managed to seduce female investigator Natalya Vorontsova, who handed him a pistol. With his help, Maduev shot the guard, took a hostage and tried to escape. However, he was wounded and detained. Later, a feature film was made based on this story.
In 2007, by personal order of Putin, the construction of a new pre-trial detention center, Kresty-2, began in St. Petersburg. It was supposed to become the largest in Europe and accept the first prisoners in 2013, but has not yet been put into operation. Several criminal cases have been opened regarding the theft of budget funds, and in March 2017, FSIN Major Chernov, who was involved in the construction, was killed on his way home.
The importance of pre-trial detention centers and prisons in the penal system
Now that we have determined how a prison differs from a pre-trial detention center, we can conclude that both of these institutions are of enormous importance not only for the penal system, but also for society as a whole. To fully understand the essence of the executive system of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to know not only its general characteristics, but also the difference between basic concepts, for example, “prison” and “pre-trial detention center”. Thanks to such institutions of varying degrees of public danger, criminals are isolated from society and embark on the path of reform.
We hope that this article was interesting and informative for you, now you will be able to distinguish and understand the features of a prison and a pre-trial detention center.
Prison abbreviations | Thieves' tattoos with inscriptions | Values
RUBY - “Separation is already close and inevitable” Such tattoos are divided into digital and letter ones.
They can be included in other images - both those and others. Digital tattoos are used when they want to capture a certain date: time spent in the army, a prison term, the period of their first imprisonment or release from prison.
With lettering - exactly the same.
They can have their own meaning or be part of a specific pattern.
Inscriptions can be different - oaths, pledges or vows, sayings of writers or other figures, or popular expressions in both Russian and foreign languages.
Pre-trial detention center decoding is not a secret for many; this is what a pre-trial detention center is often called in everyday life. This place of detention is intended for those who have not yet been sentenced, that is, they have not yet been convicted. Of course, such punishment is only possible for those who were arrested after all.
