The meaning of the word “Prison” in 10 online dictionaries Dal, Ozhegov, Efremova, etc.

In Vasmer Max's dictionary

prison ukr., blr. prison, turma, other Russian prison (Pskov. I chronicle; see Srezn. III, 1096; also I Sof. chronicle under 1486, 2 Sof. chronicle under 1484, Moscow gram. 1588; see Napier 399 ; often in Kotoshikhin, Peresvetov, Avvakum). It is usually believed that this word came to us through Polish. turma (XVI–XVII centuries) from the Middle Ages. turm from St. French *torn, lat. turrim, wine units; see Brückner, KZ 45, 39; FW 148; IF 23, 215; EW 585; Christiani 50; Unbegaun 260; Mi. EW 359; Trans., Proceedings I, 30. Palatalization of t- in Russian. the word in this case is of secondary origin. The Russian etymologizes it completely differently. the word recently Räsänen (“Neuphilol. Mitt.”, 1946, p. 114; ZfslPh 20, 447). He considers the original ancient Turkic. *türmä “dungeon” (Mahmud al-Kashgari, 11th century) – verbal name starting with -mä – from tür- “to put” – and compares with Tat. törmä, Alt., Kyrgyzstan türmö "prison". In the latter case, the final stress and softness of t᾽- would be explained, but it would be necessary to separate the Ukrainian, blr. and Polish forms. •• (See also Menges, “Language”, 20, 1944, p. 69; Gardiner, “Slav. Rev.”, 38, No. 90, 1959, p. 188 et seq. - T.)

How is a prison different from a colony?

In colloquial Russian speech, the word "prison" is often used to refer to any institution in which convicted persons serve a sentence of imprisonment. However, according to the Criminal Executive Code (EC) of the Russian Federation, a prison is a separate type of correctional institution.

Article on the topic

When going to a pre-trial detention center is salvation. How HIV infection is treated in Moscow prisons Those who have been sentenced to imprisonment for a term of over five years for committing especially serious crimes, as well as for certain crimes such as terrorism, hostage-taking, organizing an illegal armed group, hijacking are placed in prisons. plane, train or watercraft, seizure of power. Prisons also house particularly dangerous repeat offenders and those who were transferred from correctional colonies for malicious violation of the order of serving their sentences.

Prisoners are kept in locked general cells and, in special cases, in solitary confinement. As a rule, a prison is a separate building or a complex of buildings, while a colony occupies a large area with industrial premises and a residential area; on the territory of the colony there may be a store, a club, a library, a school and even a football field.

In the dictionary D.N. Ushakova

PRISON, prisons, pl. prisons, prisons, prisons, women. (from German Turm - tower). 1. Place, building where persons sentenced to imprisonment or imprisonment are kept. Provincial prison. Throw him in jail. Imprisoned. Rot in prison. | trans. A place where it is difficult to live, where they live in oppression. “Tsarist Russia was a prison of nations.” History of the CPSU(b). 2. Being imprisoned in such a place. “Sergei constantly stood before me, exhausted and pale from prison.” Nekrasov.

What are the types of colonies and who is sent to them?

According to Art. 74 of the Criminal Executive Code of the Russian Federation, adult convicts serve sentences of imprisonment in colonies. These institutions are divided into settlement colonies, general, strict and special regime correctional colonies. The type of correctional colony in which the convicted person must serve his sentence is determined by the court.

Article on the topic “There are more decent people than in the wild.” Report from the colony of Kokorin and Mamaev The colony-settlements contain prisoners convicted of intentional crimes of minor and medium gravity and crimes committed through negligence. Also, positive convicts from a general or strict regime colony can be transferred there. In settlement colonies, convicts are kept without guards, but under the supervision of the administration. They can move freely around the colony during the hours from waking up to bedtime, and with the permission of the administration of the institution, they can travel outside its boundaries. Prisoners are allowed to wear civilian clothes, they can carry money with them and use it without restrictions. Convicts, as a rule, live in dormitories specially designed for them; they may be allowed to live with their families both on the territory of the colony and outside it.

In general regime colonies, first-time convicted citizens who have committed a serious crime, as well as careless or intentional crimes of minor or moderate gravity, serve their sentences, unless the court sends them to a settlement colony.

Maximum security correctional colonies house men who have been convicted for the first time of committing particularly serious crimes. Male recidivists who have previously served imprisonment are also placed there.

Men who have had a particularly dangerous relapse into crime, as well as those sentenced to life imprisonment, serve their sentences in special regime colonies.

In correctional colonies of general, strict and special regime, there are three types of conditions for serving a sentence: ordinary, light and strict. In normal and light conditions, convicts live in dormitories, in strict conditions - in locked rooms. Prisoners serving life sentences are kept only in cells, usually of no more than two people. Depending on the type of colony and conditions of detention, convicts have the right to a varying number of visits with loved ones, telephone calls, parcels and parcels.

Women in the Russian Federation can serve their sentences in general regime colonies, as well as in settlement colonies.

Minors or convicts left there until they reach the age of 19 serve their sentences in educational colonies. Also, in such colonies there may be isolated areas that function as general regime correctional colonies; they contain prisoners who turned 18 years old while serving their sentences.

What is a correctional facility?

A correctional colony is a place where people sentenced to imprisonment are kept, who have greater freedom of movement and less limited civil rights.

What modes are there?

There are four types of regimes in correctional colonies:

general;
strict;
special.

General regime colonies are correctional institutions where convicts sentenced to imprisonment who entered this correctional institution, as well as convicts transferred from light and strict conditions of serving their sentences, serve their sentences.

People from light and strict conditions of imprisonment, as well as convicts from other general regime correctional institutions, go there. These are male convicts who have committed serious crimes and have not previously been prosecuted, as well as female prisoners imprisoned for committing serious and especially serious crimes, regardless of the fact and type of recidivism.

According to Article 121 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation, the conditions for serving in colonies of this type are as follows. Prisoners can:

spend up to nine thousand rubles a month on food and personal items;
annually arrange six short dates and four long-term ones;
receive six parcels or transfers, as well as six parcels throughout the year;
leave the correctional facility twice a month on weekends or holidays to visit minor children, but within the territory of the colony;

High security colonies are places of stay for male convicts who have committed intentional crimes of special gravity , if they have not previously served a sentence of imprisonment, and for male persons who have committed a dangerous recidivism, if they have previously been imprisoned (Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ).

These institutions require more stringent conditions of detention:

spending on food and personal needs is limited to 7,800 rubles each month;
four parcels and four parcels per year;
three short and three long dates;
accommodation in hostels with a lighter version of punishment, and in closed premises (Article 123 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation).

Special regime colonies are intended for persons who have violated criminal law in a serious form or have committed a particularly dangerous recidivism. In many respects, the conditions here are similar to prison conditions.

Prisoners can:

live both in dormitories and in specialized cells;
have two short and one long dates during the year;
receive two or three parcels annually and one or two parcels, depending on the severity of the crime committed and the prescribed conditions for serving the sentences;
They are allowed to spend an amount of six thousand six hundred rubles on food (in accordance with the provisions of Article 125 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation).

There are also colony settlements. Here citizens serve their sentences who have committed a crime for the first time through negligence, or who have intentionally violated the law, but within the limits of a minor or moderate crime. The living conditions here are more comfortable and loyal.

Women and men live here together, not isolated from each other, in dormitories. They retain most freedoms:

the right to wear civilian clothes;
have a passport;
move freely throughout the territory of the settlement and even leave it without leaving the adjacent municipal facility;
arrange an unlimited number of dates;
spend on your needs a limit of funds that is not regulated by law.

There are no guards assigned to them, but they are under the supervision of the colony leadership. They have the right to study by correspondence in higher and secondary vocational educational institutions. Convicts with no complaints in terms of behavior and discipline are allowed to live with their families on the territory of the colony. In case of disciplinary sanctions, they can be transferred to institutions of a more strict type (Article 129 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation).

Educational colonies are intended for minor citizens. They live there in normal, simplified and preferential conditions, depending on which the amount of money that can be spent per month on food is determined; number of dates and parcels per year.

Inmates of educational colonies have the right to live in dormitories or in isolated premises, to take a walk at any time without limiting its duration, but within the territory of the colony (Article 133 of the Criminal Executive Code).

Meaning of the word prison

Saint Russe, if among all the breeds of animals that we know here on earth, there was one whose representatives would build prisons for themselves, and then mutually search each other for this glorious torture, would we not destroy it as a species too cruel, to allow him to exist in this world?.. I do not believe that perversions like these prisons exist or have ever existed in nature. First of all, lettre de cachet is contrary to the constitution of the state and is a recognized violation of both the law and human nature. Prison was originally a place of detention where a criminal was held before being executed. Later, under the influence of some tyrannical principle, someone came up with the terrible idea of making the unfortunate man suffer even more by leaving him to rot in prison instead of executing him. One day Emperor Tiberius was asked to bring to justice a poor man who had been languishing in prison for a long time. “I would very much regret it,” replied the tyrant. “How is that?” - “Why, he would have been sentenced to death, and I would no longer have the pleasure of knowing that he was suffering.” This Tiberius, as you know, was a monster. Then how did it happen that we, so quiet and meek, so civilized, so sweet, we who live in the golden age, are as fierce as this Tiberius. If I deserve to die, then so be it; I am quite ready for it; if not, let them stop driving me crazy within four walls, with the sole purpose of satisfying the vindictiveness of two or three slackers who would deserve hundreds of blows with a rod... and something else that I don’t dare say directly (isn’t that what it sounds like? your song?). Prison... prison... nothing but prison!.. That's all they know in France. Here in front of you is a soft, decent man; he made one unfortunate mistake, which his enemies inflated to monstrous proportions in order to destroy him. And prison! But, you idiots, when will you finally understand that there are as many differences in the characters of the human race as there are faces? That there are as many moral differences as there are physical ones? That what suits one person may not suit another? And especially since what can cure one can be disastrous for another, and that with your prison at every turn you resemble Crispin, playing a doctor who prescribes the same pills for all diseases? “But in order to do as you suggest,” the answer will follow, “you need to know something about human beings. Do you think that we are like doctors and that we have nothing better to do than study your individual needs? Hey! Truly, what do we care whether it suits you or not? What is unsuitable for one is wonderful for others. Have you ever thought about what would happen to the poor grave worms if there were no corpses? To study you!.. Lord, if you believe it, you will believe anything! What about our pleasures? What about our theaters, our performances? The young ladies we support? Our wives locked away? And what about our affairs with you, those little secrets that we hide in our sleeves?.. What would happen to all this if we had to focus on studying man and get rid of prisons? Completeness, completeness, dear sir, everything is wonderful as it is! And besides, the best reason of all for leaving things as they are is that things have been that way for a very long time.”—Aha! You said it, gentlemen! You said it, and here's why: those who are not bound by any other laws than the Code of Justinian must reason like Tiberius! Well, Saint Russe, you see what happens when I am forced to turn to reason: it is somewhat harsh, my reason, isn’t it?.. But what did you expect? This is fructus belli.
Letters from an Eternal Prisoner