In jurisprudence, a huge number of difficulties arise when a certain case comes up that is extremely difficult to interpret under any separate article of the Criminal Code.
For example, attempted murder. The Code does not have a separate article for this crime. You have to refer to different sources, while dealing with each component of the crime in detail. And as a result, many questions arise. What is attempted murder? What is the punishment for it? Can a particular situation be considered an attempted murder? Or is this a completely different illegal act? Let's try to answer all these questions.
Contents of articles
Attempted murder is presented under Articles 30, 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the punishment period, accordingly, is provided for by them. The first comes down to a description of two illegal actions - preparation for a crime and an attempt on it, and the second describes the murder itself and all possible penalties that are provided for by law.
Let's look at each article separately.
Preparation and attempted crimes - Article 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
As stated earlier, this article describes the preparation and attempted crime. These two phenomena are united by two interesting facts: firstly, the essence of these actions boils down to the fact that this is an unfinished crime for some reason (the reasons often do not depend on the criminal), secondly, both actions are considered crimes and are punishable by criminal punishment.
The article consists of three parts , in which all the definitions of the above-mentioned phenomena are described in detail.
- The first part describes what preparation for a crime is and in what forms it most often manifests itself (creating a weapon for a future murder, attracting partners to commit theft, etc.). This is considered preparation only if the crime itself was not carried out, but remained only at the stage of some “grand” plan.
- The second part states that liability occurs only when a grave or particularly serious crime was planned. You won't go to jail if you planned to scold your neighbor for ruining his dog's lawn.
- In the third part you can already find something about the assassination attempt. According to this article, an attempt is an action or inaction that was committed to harm another person or an attack on his life, but due to reasons that were not dependent on the offender, it was not carried out. Nevertheless, even though the intent was not achieved, liability arises in any case.
Murder - Article 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, sentence
This article is about murder and the length of punishment that should be applied to the murderer. It is presented in two parts.
- The first part defines murder as an atrocity that results in the death of a person. Such a crime, without factors that aggravate it, is punishable by up to 15 years in prison.
- The second part describes those factors that will make murder more serious and, accordingly, increase the punishment for it. For example, if the action was committed by a group of people or was particularly cruel. In this case, imprisonment will range from eight to twenty years.
Material on the topic Punishments provided for in Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - forgery of documents
This classification is not the only one.
There is also another classification, which is based on the malfunction of the weapon, for example, the pistol did not fire or the handle of the knife fell off, or the unsuitability of the object chosen to carry out the criminal plan. An example here is a situation where the target of the attack was already dead at the time the act was carried out. Significant importance in this classification is given to circumstances that could not in any way depend on the offender. He could not know in advance that the object he was attacking was unsuitable for his plans.
All about attempted murder
In Part 3 of Art. 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation states that an attempted crime is an unfinished crime for reasons that were independent of who wanted to commit it. In addition, emerge in criminal law .
- The completed assassination attempt. It represents a completed crime, but the point is that the result was not achieved. As an example, a criminal stabbed a victim with a knife with the direct intent to kill her, but the person did not die due to timely medical assistance.
- An assassination attempt that could not be completed. The criminal intended to strangle the victim, but someone close to him managed to call the police. As a result, the possible killer was detained before he could take a person’s life.
- An assassination attempt carried out using means that could not cause harm. For example, when they tried to poison a person with a substance that in a certain concentration cannot cause harm.
All of these types apply to murder. But a large number of undesirable nuances arise, in which it is difficult to qualify a certain action as an attempt. Accordingly, it is difficult to reach a verdict on the punishment of the accused.
Commentary to Art. 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Commentary edited by Esakova G.A.
1. When qualifying preparation, it should be borne in mind that in this case the actions that constitute the preparation are not included in the objective aspect of the crime being prepared.
Instruments for committing a crime should be understood as objects directly used in the process of committing a crime, increasing the physical capabilities of a person. The means of committing a crime are objects, substances, energy and devices, the physical, chemical and other properties of which are used to commit a crime.
Purchasing should be understood as acquisition, regardless of the method, means or instruments of committing the crime. This can be a purchase, exchange, acquisition for temporary use, theft, etc. Manufacturing differs from mining in that the means and instruments necessary to commit a crime are created anew. Adaptation of means and instruments for committing a crime involves their conversion from objects already at the disposal of the perpetrator.
Finding accomplices means inducing third parties to commit a crime or recruiting them. If a person, due to circumstances beyond his control, failed to persuade other persons to commit a crime, then he is responsible for failed incitement, qualified as preparation for a crime (Part 5 of Article 34 of the Criminal Code).
Conspiracy means the creation of a group of persons, a group of persons by prior conspiracy or an organized group to commit a crime.
Other intentional creation of conditions for the commission of a crime means the removal of obstacles, study of the location of the alleged crime, and other activities aimed at ensuring the opportunity to commit a crime.
2. When qualifying preparation, it is necessary to distinguish it from the detection of intent, which has no criminal legal significance. In this case, the mere expression of intention, not supported by specific actions, cannot entail criminal liability.
3. An attempt differs from preparation in that it is an attack on an object protected by criminal law, and the actions during the attempt are included in the objective side of the crime being committed. The objective side of an attempt is characterized by three features: a) the action (inaction) is directly aimed at committing (executing) a crime; b) the commission (execution) of the crime is interrupted; c) the commission (execution) of a crime was interrupted due to circumstances beyond the control of the perpetrator.
4. In judicial practice, an unsuitable attempt is also distinguished: an attempt on an unsuitable object and an attempt with unsuitable means. An attempt on an unfit object is characterized by the fact that the real object, to which harm is intended, is not put in danger at all (for example, an attempt to “kill” a corpse or steal drugs mistakenly believed to be narcotic). An attempt with unsuitable means is an attempt to commit a crime with the help of such means and instruments that objectively in this particular case cannot cause harm (a factual error in the means of committing the crime). Both types of inappropriate attempt must be qualified as an attempt on the crime that the perpetrator intended to commit.
Punishment period for attempted murder
According to Part 1 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the maximum term of imprisonment for murder without aggravating factors is 15 years. Accordingly, the court cannot impose a punishment beyond this period.
According to legal norms, the punishment cannot be more than 3/4 of the maximum (15 years), which means it cannot be more than 11 years and 2 months.
But, despite all this , there is a list of factors that can increase the period. They will lead to lifelong restriction of freedom if the final result is achieved. All components of the crime are presented in detail in Part 2 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation:
- the subject of the crime is not one person, but a certain group;
- socially dangerous action in the performance of public duty;
- a mother's attempt to kill her newborn child;
- attempted crime against a minor;
- with direct intent to kill a person and use his organs or tissues for one’s own purposes, etc.
Section 4. EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY AND PUNISHMENT
Chapter 11. EXEMPTION FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Article 75 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exemption from criminal liability due to active repentance
Article 76 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exemption from criminal liability due to reconciliation with the victim
Article 77 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Lost power
Article 78 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exemption from criminal liability due to the expiration of the statute of limitations
Chapter 12. EXEMPTION FROM PUNISHMENT
Article 79 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Conditional early release from serving a sentence
Article 80 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Replacement of the unserved part of the sentence with a more lenient punishment
Article 80.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exemption from punishment due to a change in situation
Article 81 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exemption from punishment due to illness
Article 82 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Deferment of serving a sentence
Article 83 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exemption from serving a sentence due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for a court conviction
Chapter 13. AMNESTY. PARDON. CRIMINAL RECORD
Article 84 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Amnesty
Article 85 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Pardon
Article 86 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Criminal record
Section 5. CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MINORS
When an action does not qualify as attempted murder
There are also cases when it is extremely difficult to apply both of these articles to the crime. In fact, according to Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, death did not occur, but also Art. 30 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation cannot be used to determine the elements of a crime.
Let's look at a few cases with specific examples.
Art. 108 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - exceeding the necessary defense
Any actions aimed at protecting one’s life, if they were truly necessary, are considered lawful. And when a person tries to somehow defend himself, and in doing so he inflicts some serious injury on the person from whom he is defending himself, then the court cannot determine the elements of the crime.
Example . Citizen A.N. Aksyonov was walking down the street late at night. A tipsy man approached him and began to beg for a cigarette, which A.N. had. Aksyonov was not there. The drunk man began to be rude and hit A.N. Aksyonov in the chest, after which he took a stone from the ground and hit the drunken man on the head. The man was taken to the hospital on time and survived, but suffered a serious head injury. A.N. Aksenov was convicted under Part 3 of Art. 30, Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but he filed an appeal, in which he stated that his actions were within the framework of necessary defense. The court did not change its decision, since no objective threat to life was found in this situation.
The important aspect is that the necessary defense must be applied for objective reasons - a threat to life must really exist. If there was none, qualify the action as an attempt under Art. 108 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is impossible.
Material on the topic Decriminalization - Article 116 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Art. 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - careless causing of death
If the court considers certain criminal acts as attempted negligent homicide, then Article 30 will no longer be taken into account, because any negligent act is not a manifestation of direct intent to take a person’s life.
Example . V.V. Prokofiev was in his house when a neighbor came to him from the house opposite and began accusing him of being unfaithful to his wife, promising to reveal V.V. Prokofiev’s secret. A quarrel ensued between the people, during which the neighbor hit V.V. Prokofiev, and the man responded by pushing the woman away, but did not calculate the force. His neighbor was unable to maintain her balance and fell, hitting her head on the doorframe. The woman survived, having received particularly serious injuries, and V.V. Prokofiev was convicted under Art. 109 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
This attempt cannot be called intentional, because the man had no intention of killing the woman. Under this article, the punishment is usually reduced to imprisonment or correctional labor for up to 2 years.
Art. 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - assault on a law enforcement representative
Example . A.P. Vasiliev tried to rob a small thrift store at night. Before the crime was realized, law enforcement agencies, represented by policeman O. N. Zhuravlev, arrived at the scene of a possible crime. When trying to detain A.P. Vasiliev took out a knife and began to threaten O.N. Zhuravlyov The policeman made a second attempt to arrest him, but was attacked by A.P. Vasiliev and received a knife wound in the liver area. The policeman was saved, while A.P. Vasiliev was convicted under Art. 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and, as punishment, was imprisoned for a period of 20 years.
The corpus delicti is there, that's obvious. But the point is that even though Zhuravlev did not die, this means that the action can be regarded as an assassination attempt - but part 3 of Art. 30 will not be taken into account anyway. After all, both in the event of death and in the event of its avoidance, Vasilyev is judged only under Art. 317.
Section 6. OTHER MEASURES OF A CRIMINAL LEGAL NATURE
Chapter 15. COMPULSIVE MEASURES OF A MEDICAL NATURE
Article 97 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Grounds for applying compulsory medical measures
Article 98 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Purposes of using compulsory medical measures
Article 99 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Types of compulsory medical measures
Article 100 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Outpatient compulsory observation and treatment by a psychiatrist
Article 101 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital
Article 102 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Extension, modification and termination of the application of compulsory medical measures
Article 103 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Counting the time of application of compulsory medical measures
Article 104 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Compulsory medical measures combined with the execution of punishment
Chapter 15.1. CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY
Article 104.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Confiscation of property
Article 104.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Confiscation of a sum of money in exchange for property
Article 104.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Compensation for damage caused
Section 7. CRIMES AGAINST PERSON
Attempted murder or something else?
Indeed, very often a huge number of difficulties arise when the court qualifies certain actions. Some are considered attempted murder, others are considered threat of death or serious injury.
A detailed analysis of each component of the crime is always required. And the proceedings can last more than one week. How to figure it all out? Let us again take into account certain examples. Material on the topic Giving false testimony - article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, what happens for this offense
Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - death threat
Example . Between V.P. Lozhkin and O.S. Andreev, a fight broke out over O.S.’s desire. Andreev to repay the debt that V.P. Lozhkin took from him more than a year ago. During the fight O.S. Andreev began to strangle the debtor, threatening him with death. But due to the fact that V.P. Lozhkin’s wife called the police in advance, O.S. Andreev was detained. He was tried under Part 3 of Art. 30, 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but the man filed an appeal after the trial, stating that he had no intention to kill V.P. Lozhkin, and his actions amounted only to intimidation. As a result, O.S. Andreev received a sentence of two years in prison under Art. 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
The court classifies such actions as a threat. This is Art. 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and it “rewards” with correctional labor or imprisonment for only up to 2 years. While the punishment for attempted murder is much harsher. Accordingly, the court must conduct a careful analysis of the element of intent . If he really committed murder - punishment under Art. 30, 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. If this criterion was not noted - Art. 119.
Art. 111 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - causing grievous harm to health
This is perhaps the most difficult area to classify as a crime. After all, when a person remains on the verge of life and death, isn’t this serious harm to health? At the same time, inflicting such damage, did the criminal really want to simply injure a person? Or did he want to kill him, but for some reason could not achieve his goal?
Example . B.A. Dyorov beat his colleague A.S. Stepanov, allegedly due to secret machinations. At A.S. Stepanov, multiple rib fractures and damage to internal organs were discovered, resulting in internal hemorrhage. A.S. Stepanov miraculously survived, and B. A. Derov was tried under Art. 30, 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The re-trial forced the investigation to change its decision, since it is assumed that B.A. Dyorov, under other circumstances, might not have inflicted fatal injuries with kicks and his intent was not to murder, but to inflict serious injuries. B. A. Derov was convicted under Art. 111.
How many nuances appear when considering just one psychological aspect—intention. In addition, with such distinctions between crimes that are similar, but differ in terms of punishment, there are also circumstances that prevented the person from being killed. For example, in a case where a criminal wanted to kill a person, but stopped at a certain moment, then this is Article 111; if he was detained, then this is already part 3 of Art. 30, 105 – attempted murder.
High-profile cases
High-profile attempted murder cases include:
- On heads of state, which is tantamount to an attack on the state itself and its structure.
- Religious leaders of states.
- Presidential candidates.
Here are just a few examples.
Assassination attempt on Joseph Stalin. On November 6, 1942, S. Dmitriev, who hid on the Execution Ground of Red Square and left his military unit without permission, fired shots at Stalin’s car, which was driving from the Spassky Gate. The criminal was disarmed by the guards, there were no casualties. Historians believe that the criminal confused Stalin's car with Mikoyan's car.
Attack on Vladimir Lenin. The most famous attack occurred on August 30, 1918 in Moscow. On this day, Lenin spoke at the plant named after. Mikhelson in Moscow. At the end, he was supposed to get into the car, but at that moment 3 shots were fired. Lenin was seriously wounded. The police immediately detained Socialist-Revolutionary Fani Kaplan, who admitted her guilt.
Attack on Adolf Hitler. On July 20, 1944, perhaps the most daring attempt to assassinate the Fuhrer was carried out. On that day, the future of war was influenced by an ordinary cabinet.
By the summer of 1944, Germany began to lose. But as long as the Fuhrer was in power, capitulation was impossible. These circumstances led some military personnel to the idea of overthrowing the Nazi regime. The first attempt was made on July 11 at a conference in Berchtesgaden. But the Fuhrer did not show up, which is why the mission was postponed. And already on July 20, Stauffenberg headed to the Fuhrer’s headquarters “Wolf’s Lair”. The colonel had 2 suitcases: with papers and with an explosive mechanism. At the meeting, the colonel asked to be seated next to Hitler, explaining that he had poor hearing, and placed explosives a few meters from Hitler. Under the pretext of talking on the phone, the colonel left the premises and activated the bomb. But the Valkyrie mission, which had the goal of seizing power and forming a provisional government, did not come true. After Stauffenberg left, Colonel Franz Brandt sat closer to the Fuhrer and moved the briefcase to another place on the cabinet. The explosion killed four people. However, Hitler was not injured. On the same day, Olbricht and Stauffenberg were shot.
Encroachment on Alexander II. In the fall of 1879, members of Narodnaya Volya planned to blow up the train on which Alexander II arrived from Crimea. But at the last minute the train changed its route. On November 18, when the train approached the terrorist, a Narodnaya Volya member tried to activate the bomb, but the explosion did not occur because the electrical circuit was faulty. Soon, Narodnaya Volya formed a third group to plant a bomb on a railroad track near Moscow. The plan failed due to unforeseen factors. In Kharkov, due to a breakdown of the baggage train, the Tsar's train was dispatched first. As a result, the criminals were only able to blow up a freight train.
Attack on Reagan. The assassination attempt took place on March 30, 1981. The President and three people from his escort group were wounded while leaving the Hilton Hotel, where Reagan was making a speech to trade unionists. The assassin was John Hinckley. At about 2:27 p.m., when Reagan left the hotel and headed to the car, Hinckley emerged from the crowd and fired 6 shots from a pistol in 3 seconds. The last bullet bounced off the body of the car, hit the president's chest, touched a rib and penetrated the lung. Hinckley was not convicted because of his insanity, but was committed to St. Helena Mental Hospital in Washington. On September 10, 2016, he was released from the medical facility and went to his mother’s house. His release is subject to certain conditions.
An attack on Putin. On March 2, 2008, a point was set up in a room on Sadovnicheskaya Street from where the shooter was supposed to fire a shot. The plan was to kill Putin and Medvedev as they moved along Vasilyevsky Spusk. A couple of hours before the opening of the official event, FSB officers entered the premises where the shooter Shakhvelad Osmanov was detained. The shooter was only charged with unlawful possession of a firearm.
The reasons and factors due to which a criminal act is not carried out to completion can be very different. But they always do not depend on the subject carrying out the attack and have no connection with the will and desire of the criminal. These may be unsuitable means of carrying out the criminal plan, impassable obstacles, unwanted witnesses, strong resistance of the victim of the attack, or the absence of the target of the attack.
Section 10. CRIMES AGAINST STATE AUTHORITY
Chapter 29. CRIMES AGAINST THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM AND SECURITY OF THE STATE
Article 275 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Treason
Article 276 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Espionage
Article 277 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Encroachment on the life of a statesman or public figure
Article 278 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violent seizure of power or violent retention of power
Article 279 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Armed rebellion
Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Public calls for extremist activities
Article 281 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Sabotage
Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity
Article 282.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of an extremist community
Article 282.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of the activities of an extremist organization
Article 283 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Disclosure of state secrets
Article 284 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Loss of documents containing state secrets
Chapter 30. CRIMES AGAINST STATE AUTHORITY, INTERESTS OF CIVIL SERVICE AND SERVICE IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES
Article 285 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Abuse of power
Article 285.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Misuse of budget funds
Article 285.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Misuse of state extra-budgetary funds
Article 285.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Entering knowingly false information into the unified state registers
Article 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Exceeding official authority
Article 286.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Failure of an employee of an internal affairs body to comply with an order
Article 287 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Refusal to provide information to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation or the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation
Article 288 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Assignment of powers of an official
Article 289 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal participation in business activities
Article 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Receiving a bribe
Article 291 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Giving a bribe
Article 291.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Mediation in bribery
Article 292 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Official forgery
Article 292.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal issuance of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as the entry of knowingly false information into documents, resulting in the illegal acquisition of citizenship of the Russian Federation
Article 293 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Negligence
Chapter 31. CRIMES AGAINST JUSTICE
Article 294 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Obstruction of justice and preliminary investigation
Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Encroachment on the life of a person conducting justice or preliminary investigation
Article 296 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Threat or violence in connection with the administration of justice or preliminary investigation
Article 297 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Contempt of court
Article 298 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Defamation of a judge, juror, prosecutor, investigator, person conducting the inquiry, bailiff, bailiff
Article 299 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Bringing a knowingly innocent person to criminal liability
Article 300 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal exemption from criminal liability
Article 301 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Unlawful arrest, detention or detention
Article 302 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Compulsion to testify
Article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Falsification of evidence
Article 304 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Provocation of a bribe or commercial bribery
Article 305 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Issuance of a knowingly unjust sentence, decision or other judicial act
Article 306 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Deliberately false denunciation
Article 307 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Knowingly false testimony, expert or specialist opinion, or incorrect translation
Article 308 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Refusal of a witness or victim to testify
Article 309 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Bribery or coercion to testify or to evade testifying or to mistranslate
Article 310 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Disclosure of preliminary investigation data
Article 311 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Disclosure of information about security measures applied to judges and participants in criminal proceedings
Article 312 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal actions in relation to property subject to inventory or seizure or subject to confiscation
Article 313 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Escape from a place of imprisonment, arrest or custody
Article 314 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion from serving restriction of freedom, imprisonment
Article 314.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of administrative supervision
Article 315 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Failure to comply with a court verdict, court decision or other judicial act
Article 316 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Concealment of crimes
Chapter 32. CRIMES AGAINST GOVERNMENT ORDER
Article 317 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Encroachment on the life of a law enforcement officer
Article 318 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Use of violence against a government official
Article 319 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Insulting a government official
Article 320 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Disclosure of information about security measures applied to a law enforcement or regulatory official
Article 321 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Disorganization of the activities of institutions that ensure isolation from society
Article 322 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal crossing of the State border of the Russian Federation
Article 322.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of illegal migration
Article 323 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal change of the State border of the Russian Federation
Article 324 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Purchase or sale of official documents and state awards
Article 325 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft or damage to documents, stamps, seals, or theft of excise duty stamps, special stamps or marks of conformity
Article 326 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Forgery or destruction of vehicle identification number
Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Forgery, production or sale of counterfeit documents, state awards, stamps, seals, forms
Article 327.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Manufacturing, selling or using counterfeit excise duty stamps, special stamps or marks of conformity
Article 328 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion from military and alternative civil service
Article 329 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Desecration of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation or the State Flag of the Russian Federation
Article 330 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Arbitrariness
Section 11. CRIMES AGAINST MILITARY SERVICE
Section 11. CRIMES AGAINST MILITARY SERVICE
Chapter 33. CRIMES AGAINST MILITARY SERVICE
Article 331 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The concept of crimes against military service
Article 332 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Failure to execute an order
Article 333 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Resisting or coercing a superior to violate military service obligations
Article 334 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violent actions against a boss
Article 335 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the statutory rules of relations between military personnel in the absence of subordination relations between them
Article 336 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Insulting a serviceman
Article 337 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Unauthorized abandonment of a unit or place of duty
Article 338 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Desertion
Article 339 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of military service duties by feigning illness or other means
Article 340 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules of combat duty
Article 341 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of border guard rules
Article 342 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the statutory rules of guard duty
Article 343 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules of service for the protection of public order and ensuring public safety
Article 344 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the statutory rules for performing internal service and patrolling in the garrison
Article 345 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Abandonment of a dying warship
Article 346 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Deliberate destruction or damage to military property
Article 347 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Destruction or damage to military property due to negligence
Article 348 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Loss of military property
Article 349 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules for handling weapons and objects that pose an increased danger to others
Article 350 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of driving or operation rules
Article 351 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of flight rules or preparation for them
Article 352 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of navigation rules
Section 12. CRIMES AGAINST PEACE AND SECURITY OF HUMANITY
Section 8. ECONOMIC CRIMES
Chapter 21. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
Article 158 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft
Article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Fraud
Article 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Misappropriation or embezzlement
Article 161 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Robbery
Article 162 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Robbery
Article 163 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Extortion
Article 164 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft of items of special value
Article 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Causing property damage by deception or breach of trust
Article 166 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Wrongful taking of a car or other means of transport without the purpose of theft
Article 167 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Intentional destruction or damage to property
Article 168 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Destruction or damage to property due to negligence
Chapter 22. CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Article 169 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Obstruction of legitimate business or other activities
Article 170 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Registration of illegal land transactions
Article 170.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Falsification of the unified state register of legal entities, the register of securities owners or the depository accounting system
Article 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal business
Article 171.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Production, acquisition, storage, transportation or sale of unmarked goods and products
Article 171.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal organization and conduct of gambling
Article 172 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal banking activities
Article 173 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Lost power
Article 174 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Legalization (laundering) of funds or other property acquired by other persons through criminal means
Article 174.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Legalization (laundering) of funds or other property acquired by a person as a result of committing a crime
Article 175 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Acquisition or sale of property known to have been obtained by criminal means
Article 176 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegally obtaining a loan
Article 177 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Malicious evasion of repayment of accounts payable
Article 178 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Preventing, restricting or eliminating competition
Article 179 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Coercion to complete a transaction or to refuse to complete it
Article 180 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal use of a trademark
Article 181 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules for the manufacture and use of state hallmarks
Article 182 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Lost power
Article 183 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal receipt and disclosure of information constituting commercial, tax or banking secrets
Article 184 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Bribery of participants and organizers of professional sports competitions and spectacular commercial competitions
Article 185 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Abuses in the issuance of securities
Article 185.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Malicious evasion of disclosure or provision of information as defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation on securities
Article 185.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the procedure for recording rights to securities
Article 185.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Market manipulation
Article 185.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Obstruction or illegal restriction of the rights of securities holders
Article 185.5 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Falsification of a decision of the general meeting of shareholders (participants) of a business company or a decision of the board of directors (supervisory board) of a business company
Article 185.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal use of insider information
Article 186 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Manufacturing, storing, transporting or selling counterfeit money or securities
Article 187 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Production or sale of counterfeit credit or payment cards and other payment documents
Article 188 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Smuggling
Article 189 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal export or transfer of raw materials, materials, equipment, technologies, scientific and technical information, illegal performance of work (provision of services) that can be used in the creation of weapons of mass destruction, weapons and military equipment
Article 190 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Non-return to the territory of the Russian Federation of objects of artistic, historical and archaeological property of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign countries
Article 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illicit trafficking in precious metals, natural gemstones or pearls
Article 192 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules for the delivery of precious metals and precious stones to the state
Article 193 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Non-return of funds in foreign currency from abroad
Article 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of customs duties levied on an organization or individual
Article 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal actions in bankruptcy
Article 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Deliberate bankruptcy
Article 197 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Fictitious bankruptcy
Article 198 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of taxes and (or) fees from an individual
Article 199 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Evasion of taxes and (or) fees from an organization
Article 199.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Failure to fulfill the duties of a tax agent
Article 199.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Concealment of funds or property of an organization or individual entrepreneur, at the expense of which taxes and (or) fees should be collected
Article 200 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Lost power
Chapter 23. CRIMES AGAINST THE INTERESTS OF SERVICE IN COMMERCIAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
Article 201 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Abuse of power
Article 202 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Abuse of powers by private notaries and auditors
Article 203 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Excess of authority by a private detective or an employee of a private security organization holding a private security guard certificate when performing their official duties
Article 204 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Commercial bribery
Section 9. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC SAFETY AND PUBLIC ORDER
Section 9. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC SAFETY AND PUBLIC ORDER
Chapter 24. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC SAFETY
Article 205 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Terrorist act
Article 205.1. Promotion of terrorist activities
Article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Public calls for terrorist activities or public justification of terrorism
Article 206 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Hostage taking
Article 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Knowingly false report of an act of terrorism
Article 208 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of an illegal armed group or participation in it
Article 209 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Banditry
Article 210 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of a criminal community (criminal organization) or participation in it (it)
Article 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft of an air or water transport vessel or railway rolling stock
Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Mass riots
Article 213 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Hooliganism
Article 214 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Vandalism
Article 215 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of safety rules at nuclear energy facilities
Article 215.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Stopping or limiting the supply of electrical energy or disconnecting from other sources of life support
Article 215.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Rendering life support facilities unusable
Article 215.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Destruction of oil pipelines, oil product pipelines and gas pipelines
Article 216 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of safety rules when conducting mining, construction or other work
Article 217 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of safety rules at explosive sites
Article 218 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of rules for accounting, storage, transportation and use of explosives, flammable substances and pyrotechnic products
Article 219 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of fire safety requirements
Article 220 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal handling of nuclear materials or radioactive substances
Article 221 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft or extortion of nuclear materials or radioactive substances
Article 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal acquisition, transfer, sale, storage, transportation or carrying of weapons, their main parts, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices
Article 223 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal manufacture of weapons
Article 224 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Careless storage of firearms
Article 225 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Inadequate performance of duties for the protection of weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices
Article 226 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft or extortion of weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices
Article 227 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Piracy
Chapter 25. CRIMES AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH AND PUBLIC MORALITY
Article 228 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal acquisition, storage, transportation, manufacture, processing of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as illegal acquisition, storage, transportation of plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, or their parts containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 228.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal production, sale or shipment of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues, as well as illegal sale or shipment of plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, or their parts containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 228.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules of circulation of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 229 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Theft or extortion of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, as well as plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances, or their parts containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 230 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Inducement to use narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal cultivation of plants containing narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or their precursors
Article 232 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization or maintenance of dens for the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 233 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal issuance or forgery of prescriptions or other documents giving the right to receive narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances
Article 234 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal trafficking of potent or toxic substances for sales purposes
Article 235 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal private medical practice or private pharmaceutical activity
Article 236 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules
Article 237 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Concealing information about circumstances that pose a danger to human life or health
Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Production, storage, transportation or sale of goods and products, performance of work or provision of services that do not meet safety requirements
Article 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of an association that encroaches on the personality and rights of citizens
Article 240 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Involvement in prostitution
Article 241 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Organization of prostitution
Article 242 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal distribution of pornographic materials or items
Article 242.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Production and circulation of materials or objects with pornographic images of minors
Article 243 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Destruction or damage to historical and cultural monuments
Article 244 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Desecration of the bodies of the dead and their burial places
Article 245 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Animal abuse
Chapter 26. ECOLOGICAL CRIMES
Article 246 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of environmental protection rules during work performance
Article 247 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of rules for handling environmentally hazardous substances and waste
Article 248 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of safety rules when handling microbiological or other biological agents or toxins
Article 249 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of veterinary rules and rules established to combat plant diseases and pests
Article 250 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Water pollution
Article 251 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Air pollution
Article 252 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Marine pollution
Article 253 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the continental shelf and on the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation
Article 254 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Corruption of the earth
Article 255 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of rules for the protection and use of subsoil
Article 256 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal extraction (catch) of aquatic biological resources
Article 257 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of rules for the protection of aquatic biological resources
Article 258 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal hunting
Article 259 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Destruction of critical habitats for organisms listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation
Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Illegal felling of forest plantations
Article 261 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Destruction or damage to forest plantations
Article 262 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the regime of specially protected natural areas and natural objects
Chapter 27. CRIMES AGAINST TRAFFIC SAFETY AND OPERATION OF TRANSPORT
Article 263 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of traffic safety rules and operation of railway, air, sea and inland water transport and the metro
Article 263.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Failure to comply with transport security requirements at transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles
Article 264 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of traffic rules and operation of vehicles
Article 265 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Lost power
Article 266 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Poor quality repairs of vehicles and their release into service with technical faults
Article 267 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Rendering of transport means or means of communication unusable
Article 268 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of rules ensuring safe operation of transport
Article 269 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of safety rules during the construction, operation or repair of main pipelines
Article 270 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Failure of the ship's captain to provide assistance to those in distress
Article 271 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of international flight rules
Chapter 28. CRIMES IN THE SPHERE OF COMPUTER INFORMATION
Article 272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Unauthorized access to computer information
Article 273 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Creation, use and distribution of computer malware
Article 274 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Violation of the rules of operation of a computer, computer system or their network
Section 10. CRIMES AGAINST STATE AUTHORITY
