Search for suspects and accused in the Russian Federation, what it is and how it works. Part 2

The basis for declaring a person on the wanted list can be different circumstances: they can search for both dangerous criminals and law-abiding citizens whose whereabouts are unknown. Responsibilities for conducting search activities are assigned to employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who have access to a special database of wanted persons.

However, every Russian can find out whether this or that person is wanted. To do this, just use the official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

What is the search of the Ministry of Internal Affairs?

The search for persons who are missing or purposefully hiding for any reason can be carried out by several government bodies of the Russian Federation , which includes the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Police officers, as a rule, carry out operational search activities to search for:

• persons hiding from investigation or trial;
• citizens trying to avoid criminal punishment;
• missing people;
• citizens who have debts to individuals, organizations or government agencies;
• lost children.

In addition to the police, the following have the right to search for the above persons:

1. Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN);
2. Federal Bailiff Service (FSSP);
3. Federal Security Service (FSB);
4. Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation;
5. Customs;
6. foreign intelligence service.

The main task of the employees of these bodies is to find the right person as quickly as possible. At the same time, for more successful searches, special databases and confidential information are used , to which law enforcement agencies have access.

When does a person become a suspect?

A person becomes a suspect not from the moment the arrest report is announced, which is drawn up no later than 3 hours after the detainee is delivered to the inquiry agency or to the investigator, but from the moment of his actual detention (Clause 11, Article 5 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation).

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Types of people search

The main classification of the search carried out by the forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is related to the territorial scale of the search for persons.

Local search, as a rule, is carried out within the first 10 days after the disappearance of a citizen. In this case, the police conduct search work only within one region.

The federal search is announced after the local search period expires. Also, the data of persons on the federal wanted list are published in an open Internet source - on the official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs , so that citizens can assist the authorities.

An interstate search is carried out jointly with Interpol if a citizen has committed serious violations of the law and, hiding from punishment, could leave the Russian Federation.

IMPORTANT! Since the most dangerous criminals for society are put on the federal wanted list, law enforcement agencies are ready to reward citizens who assisted in the search and provided reliable information about the whereabouts of wanted persons. The amount of reward for assistance to the Ministry of Internal Affairs can reach 1 million rubles for each criminal.

Time frame for searching for a person

There are 347 thousand 332 people on the federal wanted list. This is evidence of the complete paralysis of the Russian law enforcement system. Let's move on to economic articles. There were 420 people put on the federal wanted list for illegal money laundering. For illegal entrepreneurship and banking activities - 339 and 115 people, respectively.

The police are looking for 9,295 and 1,648 fugitives for fraud, embezzlement and embezzlement.

Who can be put on the federal wanted list?

The following persons are most often included in the all-Russian search:

• criminals who committed serious crimes, but were not detained in hot pursuit;
• persons allegedly located on the territory of the Russian Federation and put on the international wanted list;
• citizens of foreign states who have committed a crime or are illegally staying on the territory of the Russian Federation;
• people kidnapped by criminals;
• persons who have traveled outside their region and have not informed relatives of their whereabouts (are considered missing);
• other categories of citizens hiding from fulfilling obligations or keeping silent about the presence of certain property.

How many people can be wanted in a criminal case?

Accordingly, they should be instructed in advance in something like this: If people in gray ring the doorbell, call first, alert me (if you don’t get through, send an SMS) and only then open the door. April 15, 2013, 21:51 Vladimirov Victor, Velikiye Luki One year is enough, then you can go to civil court Article 42 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

5805 - robberies. Is the missing person on the federal wanted list? Another 5,203 people are wanted for drug sales and 1,367 are fugitives for possession, transportation and sale of firearms.

Police Colonel Valery Krasilnikov: “We have to catch every fifth criminal two or even more times 06/19/2012 at 18:30, The cycle of criminals in nature - Valery Vladimirovich, first of all, please explain what the concept of “federal wanted” means? — How many accused, suspects, defendants are put on the wanted list every year? Population of the regional center.

One “lost for every 400 inhabitants of Russia. And How? Are you scared. How to survive and not go to jail?!

Is it possible to remain free if you find yourself on the wrong side of the law?! What gives me the right to believe that it is my advice that can be of value to a person who finds himself in a hopeless situation?

How can I find out information on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs?

On the official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation you can find a page that allows you to obtain information about any citizen .

To check a person in the database, you will need:

• go to the official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation;
• select the “online services” tab and at the bottom of the page that opens, click on the “Attention, wanted!” button;
• in the form that appears, you will need to enter the full name and year of birth of the person about whom you want to obtain information, as well as your personal email address, which will receive information from the database;
• enter the confirmation code displayed at the end of the form and click on the “search” button;
• after the system checks the data against all available databases, a response with the necessary information will be sent to the email address specified by the user.

Procedure

Before putting a person on the federal wanted list, the investigator takes all possible measures:

• initiates searches;
• establishes control over the suspect’s communication with loved ones through all possible channels;
• interrogates neighbors, colleagues and acquaintances;
• sends requests to various institutions.

If his actions do not lead to results, then the investigation is suspended and a search begins at the local level.

The police are dealing with it. Law enforcement officers are working out the possible locations of the citizen, checking the apartments of his relatives and friends. Orientations are also sent to traffic police posts and all regional police departments.

Before a person is placed on the federal wanted list, a local search is conducted.

Information about the wanted person is sent to the State Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation via encrypted communication channels. The data differs across all regions. They are placed in the operational reference files of information centers and published on the websites of internal affairs bodies of those regions of the country where the suspect may be located.

How to find information on the bailiffs website?

To obtain the necessary information on debtors who do not pay alimony, you must:

1. from the main page of the official website of the FSSP, go to the services page (can be found in the panel at the top of the page);
2. select the service “Data Bank of Enforcement Proceedings” (first in the drop-down list);
3. fill out the form provided (you will need to indicate the citizen’s last and first name, additionally his patronymic and date of birth);
4. Click the find button and view the result.

IMPORTANT! You can obtain information about the debtor and the existing debt not only by last name, but also by the number of the enforcement proceeding for which funds have ceased to be paid. To do this, before filling out the form, you should put o.

Lawyers' answers (1)

One year is enough, then you can go to civil court

Article 42 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Recognition of a citizen as missing

2. After accepting an application to recognize a citizen as missing or to declare a citizen dead, the judge may invite the guardianship and trusteeship body to appoint a trustee for the property of such a citizen.

3. Cases on declaring a citizen missing or declaring a citizen dead are considered with the participation of a prosecutor.

How long does it take to search for a missing person?

The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for several temporary stages in the search for a missing person, after which the case will be officially closed. 3-10 days. During this period from the moment of receiving the application, the police usually officially open a search case. After three days, the operational department decides whether it is necessary to initiate criminal proceedings or whether a standard wanted case will be sufficient.

According to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, if circumstances so require, the deadline for opening a case can be postponed up to 10 days. However, the search for a person must begin before opening a case. Also, police officers must send inquiries about the missing person to all hospitals, morgues, accident registration bureaus, and other services. 3 months.

When this period expires, the missing person will be put on the federal wanted list. At the same time, data about the wanted person will go into a single all-Russian database, against which all unidentified people arriving at police stations, hospitals and morgues will be checked. 12 months.

This period is set aside by law so that relatives can recognize the undetected person as dead. It is after a year that you can go to court, which can make a decision that the person is no longer alive. Nevertheless, the search by the internal affairs bodies will continue, but not so actively. 5 years. After this time, the case may be suspended if no details and circumstances could be clarified. 15 years.

After this period, the search for the missing person may be officially terminated. The file will be archived and then destroyed.

What is a federal search for a person and its consequences?

Despite the fact that in 2014 there was a decrease in the number of minors put on the wanted list (7,806, 29.7% lower than in 2013), statistics show that over the past four years, on average, only one in 14 In cases of unknown disappearance of a minor, a criminal case is initiated. The effectiveness of searching for a person is directly related to the immediate adoption of measures provided for by law, the entire complex of which can be carried out if a criminal case has been initiated.

In the context of this issue, it should be noted that the police are searching for persons who have gone missing or have lost contact with relatives; minors who voluntarily left their families or specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation; minors who voluntarily left special closed educational institutions.

What are the fundamental differences in the new procedure for considering reports of missing citizens? An undoubted advantage of the new Instructions is the clear regulation of the actions of police officers and investigators of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation when receiving, considering a report about a missing person and making a decision on it. The competence of the investigator of the Investigative Committee of Russia and the employee of the operational unit of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is delimited. Structural and functional changes in the law enforcement system of the state in recent years, including the separation of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation from the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation into an independent federal state body, have led to a certain legal vacuum in the regulation of activities related to the consideration of reports of missing citizens. These innovations will ensure high-quality consideration of reports of unknown disappearances of citizens, timely implementation of the entire range of search measures and establishment of the whereabouts of the person.

How can you put a person on the wanted list?

Every citizen can apply to the internal affairs bodies with a request to put a person on the wanted list. There are several available ways to do this:

• personally submit an application to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the investigative committee or other law enforcement agencies;
• provide information about the person you are looking for by phone;
• use the electronic reception.
• However, the most effective is considered to be a personal appeal to the territorial police department, where a number of mandatory documents must be provided.

The procedure for contacting the police will be as follows:

1. a citizen files a missing person report;
2. attaches a photograph of the person being put on the wanted list;
3. tells the police officers receiving the statement about the special features of the missing person, also telling what clothes he was wearing;
4. notifies officers whether the person being sought was in possession of identification;
5. tells the police about the circle of acquaintances of the missing person, describes the places where he usually goes, his usual routes of movement (if a person has debts or any disputes with other persons, this should also not be kept silent);
6. after the application is accepted, the police officers will hand over to the applicant a coupon confirming the registration of the document in the Book of Incident Reports (KUSP);

IMPORTANT! If the relatives of the missing person assume that he could have become a victim of a crime, the application will be sent to the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, which has the right to initiate a criminal case on this fact.

Organization and implementation of certain types of search

Search for the fugitive accused. After making a decision to charge a person as an accused whose whereabouts are unknown, the investigator, in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 210 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, announces a search for the accused and entrusts him to the body of inquiry.

The actions that make up the announcement of the search for the accused by the investigator, on the one hand, and the inquiry body, on the other, are within the exclusive competence of each of them. The announcement of a search by the investigator is a procedural decision: the grounds and conditions of this decision are formulated by the criminal procedure law. The search must be announced immediately as soon as grounds arise and conditions are created that make it necessary to make this decision.

The search for an absconding accused consists of several elements:

• checking data on the accused’s evasion of responsibility;
• collection of procedural and operational investigative information;
• announcement of a search and its assignment to the investigative bodies;
• planning the search (in collaboration with the investigative authorities);
• carrying out investigative and search actions;
• as well as tactical operations aimed at establishing the whereabouts of the accused.

Before declaring a search for the accused, the investigator is obliged to establish and document the fact of his evasion from the investigation or the lack of information about his whereabouts. The mere absence of the accused cannot serve as a sufficient basis for the conclusion that he was evading the investigation.

Verification actions include:

• obtaining information about the accused at the place of residence and work;
• making inquiries at the address bureau;
• working out versions of the accused living with relatives, friends, acquaintances, of the occurrence of death, of being in a hospital, sanatorium, rest home, in custody (for committing another unlawful act), in military service or training, or in seasonal work.

In addition, it is necessary to check the accused according to the records of the Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Internal Affairs Directorate, passport machines, OVIR, special detention centers, and distribution centers.

The investigator carries out the inspection himself or entrusts it to the investigating authorities on the basis of Art. 38 Code of Criminal Procedure. All data obtained during the verification of the whereabouts of the accused and the study of his identity must be recorded in the protocols of investigative actions and certificates of the relevant institutions, and also summarized in a certificate of the identity of the wanted person.

To put a person on the wanted list, it is necessary to issue a resolution on the search for the suspect (accused) and prepare a certificate of the identity of the hiding accused with a set of documents to be transferred to the criminal investigation department for the establishment of an operational investigation case (search case). To put a person on the wanted list, you must collect the following documents:

• a copy of the decision to initiate a criminal case,
• a copy of the decision to bring you as an accused;
• a copy of the decision on the selection of a preventive measure in the form of detention;
• copies of characteristics and protocols of interrogations of witnesses, about the expected location and appearance of the suspect,
• reference information from the military registration and enlistment office, medical institutions (drug treatment, psychiatric), employment offices, etc.;
• information from the State Information Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia about the possible detention of the wanted accused in places of deprivation of liberty;
• certificate from the address bureau about permanent residence;
• a certificate from the territorial registry office about the possible registration of a change of name, surname or fact of death, etc.;
• information from other institutions (customs, post office, transport organizations, etc.);
• and others.

Based on the investigator’s decision, internal affairs bodies carry out local, federal and international searches. In the case of a local search, a complex of operational search, search, information, reference and other actions is carried out aimed at finding the wanted person, using the local system of operational reference records of the information center and address bureaus. During a federal search, the complex of the listed actions is carried out using the system of all operational reference records of the IC and address bureaus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Department of Internal Affairs of the regions that are part of the Russian Federation.

In the process of international search, law enforcement agencies of Russia and foreign countries implement a set of operational search and information and reference activities aimed at identifying wanted persons located outside the state. the initiator of the search, carried out through the intermediary of national Interpol bureaus.

Entrusting the search to the internal affairs body does not relieve the investigator from the obligation to take measures to establish the whereabouts of the accused. After announcing the search for an absconding accused, the investigator must use all the means provided to him by law to deeply study the identity of the accused, his connections and, ultimately, locate the wanted person. This task of the investigator, as in the previous stages of the search, is combined with establishing the circumstances included in the subject of proof.

The most common tactical search methods are:

• creating conditions that encourage the wanted person to act in a difficult situation for him, preventing him from moving freely, looking for shelters and hiding in them for a long time;
• organizing activities to monitor the places where the accused is most likely to be found or appear;
• creating a situation in which the person hiding will be forced to visit one or another place (for example, the apartment of relatives, friends, which is being monitored by police officers);
• misleading the wanted person regarding the search situation;
• inducing the accused to confess with the help of persons enjoying his authority;
• establishing communication channels and possible locations of the wanted person, as well as members of his family;
• using the help of accomplices of the accused, etc. The “narrowing search” method (or “sifting” method) is also known. By analyzing individual signs, the investigator gradually narrows the circle of people among whom the wanted person may be.

The search for other objects does not require a special resolution. Participation in it of employees of the inquiry body is ensured by the order of the investigator on the basis of clause 4 of part 2 of art. 38 Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.

Finding witnesses and victims is usually not difficult, except in cases of deliberate evasion of the named persons from giving evidence. Then the investigator uses tactical techniques to search for the hiding accused.

The search for missing persons is carried out simultaneously with the verification of the version of their murder and is similar to the search for the accused. An important role, in particular, belongs to the study of the identity of the missing person. To do this, I collect the most complete information about his appearance, find photographs, establish connections, identify information about clothes, objects and documents that were with him at the time of his disappearance.

Information about the missing person must be checked against the records of detainees, arrestees, as well as accidents, and inquiries must be made at hospitals, morgues, sobering stations, reception centers, special detention centers, and juvenile affairs inspectorates. If the missing person is not found within five days, a search file is opened by the internal affairs bodies.

A missing person's report is filed with a special protocol, to which photographs and documents of the missing person are attached. Three months after the local search is announced, a centralized (federal) search for the missing person is announced. The search for such persons ceases if 15 years have passed since the disappearance.

The internal affairs bodies maintain special centralized records of missing persons, unidentified corpses, as well as unknown patients, for which the persons conducting the search draw up identification cards that serve as the basis for the records. The fate of a missing person can sometimes be clarified by comparing a map drawn up for him with maps of unidentified corpses.

The search for corpses is carried out basically in the same way as the search for missing persons - most often in murder cases.

If a body is discovered, the search cannot yet be completed. It is necessary to establish the identity of the deceased. A forensic physician participates in the examination of the corpse. The corpse is fingerprinted, photographed according to the rules of signal photography, and in the morgue it is carefully examined again; with the help of specialists, hair samples, particles from under the nails, from the ears, microparticles from various parts of the body and other samples necessary for expert research are taken.

Of particular importance for establishing the identity of the deceased is the forensic medical examination of the corpse or its parts. The expert identifies important data: signs of chronic diseases, operations and injuries; features of the dental apparatus; blood group and type; signs of so-called habitual activity (for example, deformation of limbs, penetration of any substance under the skin, pathological changes in internal organs caused by specific working conditions).

The search for animals, their corpses or parts is most often carried out during the investigation of livestock thefts. It is advisable to send search inquiries for stolen livestock to neighboring Departments of Internal Affairs of Russia in certain areas, administrations of agricultural organizations, markets, procurement offices, and slaughter stations. For search purposes, forensic accounting of stolen and free-range livestock is used.

The search can be completed by presenting the discovered animal or its parts (head, skin, horns) for identification by individual recognition (breed, color, gender, age, brand, forging method). If necessary, a zootechnical, veterinary or other forensic examination is prescribed.

Search for objects. The objects of the search are stolen property, valuables acquired by criminal means, and material evidence. When organizing a search for property and other valuables, the investigator must take into account many factors, in particular the prevalence of what is being sought, and therefore the time required for its implementation, the size and quantity of material assets, sales opportunities, and the likely method of transportation.

Search for vehicles. The search for a vehicle is carried out mainly in the event of a traffic accident, theft or theft.

The search for a vehicle begins with the announcement of the “Interception” operation, if information about the vehicle is available, informing all traffic police posts about the wanted vehicle, followed by registration with the GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia as a stolen vehicle.

To search for stolen or stolen vehicles, the registration of all vehicles is used, carried out by the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate and which is uniform for the entire territory of Russia and mandatory for all enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals. In addition to numbers, many other data about vehicles are subject to recording, including information about the parking location and documents confirming the ownership of the vehicle. When searching for vehicles, good results can be achieved by auto technical, forensic and other examinations.

Search for a criminal case suspended by investigation. The investigator’s ability to obtain tactical data on a suspended case (clause 1 of Article 208 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) necessary for the search is limited, since the law does not allow investigative actions to be taken on it. Having suspended the preliminary investigation, the investigator carries out a search, analyzing data received from operational investigative sources, carrying out investigative actions and organizational and technical measures, using the help of the public.

When conducting a search, the investigator checks: whether there are cash deposits in savings banks, not only in the name of the accused, but also his relatives and other close persons; Are stolen items, as well as valuables acquired by criminals, handed over to thrift stores, pawnshops, storage lockers?

An effective investigative action is to check using forensic and other records.

It is advisable for the investigator to study archival criminal cases, especially when searching for repeat offenders. Archival materials may contain information about their identity, family, criminal and other connections, methods of evading investigation and trial, resistance to arrest, as well as the items being sought. Archival criminal cases may contain information about the accomplices of the wanted person. Checking connections allows, in some cases, to identify the storage locations of instruments of crime, stolen property, and valuables obtained by criminal means.

After the grounds for suspending the preliminary investigation no longer exist (for example, an absconding accused has been found) or the need for additional investigative actions arises, the preliminary investigation is resumed by a reasoned decision of the investigator.

How to confirm that a person is not on the federal wanted list?

In some cases, a citizen may need official confirmation of the fact that he is not wanted. For example, this is necessary to obtain a work or student visa when traveling abroad. Also, this information may be needed for employment in certain positions in the Russian Federation.

A certificate that displays all the information about the citizen’s existing criminal convictions and criminal prosecution will help confirm that you are not wanted. You can obtain the document from the territorial office of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs at your place of residence.

IMPORTANT! A criminal record certificate is issued for Russians free of charge and without prior payment of state fees.

What are the positions in the criminal investigation department?

Staff positions

in: operational intelligence units (groups);
departments (divisions, groups) “B”; operational detective departments (departments, groups); units for combating criminal attacks on cargo (with the exception of regular positions
specified in paragraph 48 of this List).

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How else is the police database used?

Data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs may be required not only when searching for a missing person, but also in other situations. For example, checking the identity of a citizen using the Ministry of Internal Affairs database is carried out:

• when hiring an employee;
• before purchasing expensive property from a private person;
• before concluding a contract with a new counterparty;
• when applying for a residence permit in foreign countries;
• lending money to a stranger (for example, a distant relative or friend of your acquaintances).

IMPORTANT! Many banks check their potential clients before deciding to apply for a loan. If a person is on the wanted list for one reason or another, he will not be able to get a loan.

The search for missing citizens, dangerous criminals and persons evading payment of alimony debt or other obligations is actively carried out by employees of internal affairs bodies on the territory of the Russian Federation. Volunteer organizations often join the search for missing people and help successfully save lives.

Search statute of limitations

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Article 78. Exemption from criminal liability due to the expiration of the statute of limitations 3. The running of the statute of limitations is suspended

if the person who committed the crime evades investigation or trial or evades payment of a court fine imposed in accordance with Article 76.2 of this Code. In this case, the running of the limitation period is resumed from the moment of detention of the specified person or his surrender.

During the search, the statute of limitations is suspended until the person is detained.

Hello! At the time a person is wanted, the criminal case is suspended under paragraph 2 of part 1 of Article 208 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, that is, in connection with the search for the suspect, in this case all terms of the investigation are suspended, when the person is found from the wanted list, the investigation is resumed and investigated anew.

Is there a statute of limitations for fraud while a person is wanted? Is there a statute of limitations under Article 264.1 of the Criminal Code?

And, if a citizen is wanted in a case under this article (hiding from the authorities), how long will he be on the wanted list? Statute of limitations under Article 408 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine? If a person is wanted? Paying attention to the wording of the norms on the executive search for a child Federal Law No. 229, in conclusion we could not help but notice that the norm of Art. 65 should not contain an indication of the search for the child along with the search for the debtor’s property.

In the latter case, we are talking about the protection of a person’s property rights, while the executive search ensures the protection of the personal rights and interests of minors and other family members. It is very important to note that the search is limited to those listed in paragraph 10 of Art. 65 Federal Law No. 229 executive-search actions. At the same time, the search for children carried out within the framework of enforcement proceedings is facilitated by the involvement of private investigation, which is not prohibited by Art. 65 Federal Law No. 229. On the contrary, according to clause 8, part 2, art.

3 of the Law of the Russian Federation of March 11, 1992 No. 2487–1 “On private detective and security activities [8], the search for a child under a writ of execution containing a requirement to select a child can be carried out on a contractual basis with the claimant. — In America, a price is assigned for each criminal (for example, “the cost of the most wanted - the head of the Mexican Sinaloa drug cartel, nicknamed Tiny, is 5 million US dollars), so there both state and private structures are involved in the search for criminals. People have the right to detain and shoot a criminal themselves. Who is on the federal wanted list in St. Petersburg? There are no such laws in Russia.

But nevertheless, the internal affairs bodies are still trying to somehow encourage voluntary assistants: these are certificates of honor, bonuses, and valuable gifts. - If we can identify a criminal using fingerprints, bring him to criminal responsibility, then this procedure makes sense. Moreover, if we took a DNA test at the birth of every child, it would be easier for us to identify missing people, people who find themselves in a helpless state, victims of man-made and natural disasters and, of course, criminals. They can search for both criminals and simply persons in relation to whom law enforcement agencies have certain questions. According to the Federal Law “On operational investigative activities dated August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ, a search for persons who are hiding can be carried out.

• on enforcement proceedings (debtor search);
• on suspicion of committing a crime (criminal investigation).